Taiwan Travel

Taiwan - Wikitravel Taiwan From Wikitravel Asia : East Asia : Taiwan Flag Quick Facts Capital Taipei Government multiparty democratic republic with a popularly elected president and unicameral legislature Currency New Taiwan dollar (TWD) Area total: 35,980 sq km note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Quemoy water: 3,720 sq km land: 32,260 sq km Population 22,548,009 (July 2002 est.) Languages Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min-nan), Hakka dialects Religions mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5% Taiwan , the Republic of China ( ROC ), is an island of about 36,000 square kilometers located off mainland China . The island is home to more than 22 million people and is one of the most densely populated places in the world. Besides its crowded cities and friendly people, Taiwan is also known for steep mountains and lush forests. In addition to Taiwan island, the Republic of China also governs the Pescadores (Penghu), Quemoy (Kinmen/Jinmen), and Matsu . Table of contents 1 Regions 2 Cities 2.1 Northern Taiwan 2.2 Central Taiwan 2.3 Southern Taiwan 2.4 Eastern Taiwan 3 Understand 4 Get in 4.1 Visa Information 4.2 By plane 4.2.1 Major airlines 4.3 By boat 5 Get around 5.1 Not getting lost 5.2 By Metro 5.3 By bus 5.4 By train 5.4.1 Taiwan Railway Administration 5.4.1.1 Service 5.4.2 Taiwan High Speed Rail 5.5 By taxi 5.6 By scooter or motorcycle 5.7 By car 5.8 By thumb 6 Talk 7 Buy 8 Eat 9 Drink 9.1 Water 9.2 Alcohol 9.3 Tea and coffee 9.4 Soft drinks 10 Sleep 11 Learn 11.1 Martial arts 12 Work 13 Stay Safe 13.1 Crime 13.2 Natural hazards 13.3 Traffic 13.4 Emergency Phone Numbers 14 Stay Healthy 15 Respect 15.1 Culture 15.2 Politics 16 Contact 16.1 Getting Online 16.2 Media 17 External links [ edit ] Regions The Taiwan Area can be divided into six regions: The Central Region ( Central Mountains and central western coastal area)- This region includes the scenic Sun-Moon Lake. The East Coast - This area, cut off from the rest of the island by mountains, contains Taiwan's most striking natural scenery, including the famed Tailuge Gorge (Taroko Gorge). The North - There are some great beaches at the coasts here, as well as the Yangming Mountains . The South . This area is more tropical than the rest of the island, with many beaches and coconut palms. The outlying islands of Penghu , Matsu , Kinmen and Green Island . [ edit ] Cities Map of Taiwan Taiwan has many large cities and towns. Below is a list of the most well-known. Other cities are listed under their specific regional section. [ edit ] Northern Taiwan Taipei is the seat of government of the Republic of China and its center of commerce and culture. Taipei is home to the world's currently tallest skycraper, Taipei 101. Hsinchu is a center of hi-tech industry, and one of the world's leading manufacturers of hi-tech componentry. Hsinchu Science Park ( http://eweb.sipa.gov.tw/en/index.jsp ) is the home to many hi-tech companies. Jioufen is a former gold mining town, now a tourist destination, on the northeast coast. Keelung is a center of transshipment in the north. It is located to the northeast of Taipei. Taipei County , an amalgamation of cities and towns. The county of Taipei surrounds Taipei city, and is part of the same metropolitan area. Taoyuan is the location of Taiwan's main airport, CKS International Airport (TPE) ( http://www1.cksairport.gov.tw/english/ ) . [ edit ] Central Taiwan Puli is a mountain town located at the geographical center of the island. Taichung is the third largest city in Taiwan, and has an abundance of interesting cultural amenities and activities. Lukang is the 2d oldest town of Taiwan, still a little 80 000 habitants town, this town is famous for its old houses and streets. [ edit ] Southern Taiwan Kaohsiung is the second-largest city on the island. It is the third-busiest sea port in the world and has the second-largest airport, Kaohsiung International Airport (KHH) ( http://www.kia.gov.tw/english/e_index.asp ) . Tainan is the oldest city in Taiwan and was the capital during imperial times. It is famous for its temples and other historic buildings. [ edit ] Eastern Taiwan Hualien is located near Taroko Gorge, and is considered one of the most pleasant of Taiwan's cities. Taitung is home to many aboriginal people, and is located in one of Taiwan's most unspoilt areas. [ edit ] Understand Taiwan has been populated for thousands of years by more than a dozen aboriginal tribes. Written history begins with the partial colonization of Taiwan by the Dutch and the Spaniards in the early 17th century. (The old name of Taiwan, Formosa , comes from the Portuguese for "beautiful".) Han Chinese immigrants arrived during this period and continued for the next few hundred years. The Qing Empire ceded Taiwan to Japan , which ruled the island between 1895 and 1945, and exerted profound influences on its development. Much of the Japanese-built infrastructure can still be seen on the island today, and has been in fact continuously used up to the present day (e.g. rail-road crossing gates, administrative buildings). In the early 20th century, the Nationalists and Communists fought a major civil war in China. Although the two sides were briefly united against Japan during World War II, they quickly began fighting again after the war was over. Eventually, the Communists were victorious. The Nationalists and hundreds of thousands of their supporters fled to Taiwan. From Taipei, they continued to assert their right as the sole legitimate government of all China. There has been a movement, initially in exile, which seeks to build Taiwan as an entity separate from China, and the current government tends to be independence-leaning. [ edit ] Get in [ edit ] Visa Information Citizens of the following countries may enter Taiwan visa-free for thirty days provided that their passports do not expire within six months: Australia Austria Belgium Brunei Darussalam Canada Costa Rica Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Japan Korea Liechtenstein Luxembourg Malaysia Malta Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Portugal Singapore Spain Sweden Switzerland UK USA. For further information check the web site for the Bureau of Consular Affairs ( http://www.boca.gov.tw/english/ ) . [ edit ] By plane There are international flights into the Chiang Kai-shek (CKS) International Airport in Taoyuan, and to a lesser extent, to the Kaohsiung International Airport. The Songshan domestic airport is located in Taipei. Don't make the mistake of asking a taxi driver to take you to the Taipei airport if you actually mean CKS International. CKS International is actually about an hours drive from Taipei, while Songshan is located in downtown Taipei. However, a taxi to and from CKS International Airport from Taipei is probably not the best way, and definitely not the cheapest. A one-way taxi-fare between CKS and Taipei will cost about NT$1000, whereas a chartered bus ride could be as little as NT$150. Taiwan is a place of inexpensive transportation, and the chartered-bus services are both abundant and comfortable. Each terminal at CKS has a bus-service room with several counters, from which you can select which bus company to take, and where to go - all at a fraction of the cost of taking a taxi. CKS International Airport [1] ( http://www1.cksairport.gov.tw/english/ ) ( TPE ) is Taiwan's main international airport. It is located 40km to the southwest of Taipei. Several aforementioned bus companies provide transport links to all major cities in Taiwan. An adult ticket into Taipei city costs around NT$ 150. Songshan Airport [2] ( http://www.tsa.gov.tw/0069/index_e/index_e.shtm ) ( TSA ) in downtown Taipei serves domestic flights only. The Kaohsiung [3] ( http://www.kia.gov.tw/english/e_index.asp ) ( KHH ) domestic and international airports are located in the same complex. Local carriers include China Airlines and EVA Air. Cathay Pacific schedules many flights to Hong Kong as Taiwanese flights have to go to mainland China via a third destination. [ edit ] Major airlines Cathay Pacific - 2715 2333 China Airlines - 2715 1212 Eva Airways - 2501 1999 KLM Asia - 2711 4055 North West - 2772 2188 Singapore Airlines - 2551 6655 Thai Airways - 2509 6800 For up-to-date information on cheap flights, check the advertisement pages of one of the three local daily English newspapers (see media below) There are four domestic plane companies, all of which have business-sized planes and get across Taiwan quite quickly. Flights are frequent, and it is usually unnecessary to book flights in advance. Taipei and Kaohsiung have regular services and links to most other domestic airports; however, it may not be possible to fly from one domestic airport to another. The high-speed rail, scheduled to start in 2006, is supposed to give the plane companies a run for their money, with stops located in all the major cities. [ edit ] By boat There are passenger ferry links between Okinawa in Japan and Keelung . [ edit ] Get around [ edit ] Not getting lost In mid-sized and smaller cities, your main reference point is going to be the train station. Its not easy to find english speaking people. Try looking for college students.Sometimes it is also quite difficult to get around in cities, as not all street signs are in English. Also keep in mind that Taiwan has used four different standard methods to spell Chinese words in the Latin alphabet on its street signs, not to mention some that appear entirely made up. For example, Zhongshan, Chungshan, Jungshan and Jhongshan can be easily the same. So if you check your tourist map, make sure you know about this. [ edit ] By Metro See also: Wikipedia:Taipei Rapid Transit System Taipei Metro [4] ( http://english.trtc.com.tw/ ) , commonly known as the MRT , has three major lines and several new lines are near completion ( route map ( http://home.trtc.com.tw/EINFO/eroutehome.asp ) ). The Bannan (Blue) Line runs from East to West and Danshui-Xindian (Red/Green) Line runs from North to South. The Danshui line also branches off into Danshui-Nanshijiao (Red/Yellow). The Muzha (Brown) Line is a light-transit system running from North to South on the East side of the city. The Muzha line is very pleasant to take, as it is completely elevated above street-level. In addition, the Muzha line features driverless trains! Trains generally run from 6:00 a.m. to midnight, with convenient bus connections outside the stations. You are entitled to a discounted bus connection when you use EasyCard (a smartcard that stores credit) to pay for the MRT fare. The EasyCard also gives you a 20% discount on all MRT rides. Purchase tickets from the ticket machines. Fares are calculated by distance. Most areas are accessible for around NT$20 to NT$30. The maximum ticket price is NT$65. [ edit ] By bus Buses that run between cities and are called ke-yun, as opposed to gong-che which run within the county and city. Buses run by private companies are generally more luxurious (often boasting wide, soft seats, foot-rests and individual video screeens) than those run by government-owned companies. Still, even the government-owned buses are comfortable, punctual, and maintain clean facities onboard. In major cities, bus transportation is extensive. Route maps, however, are almost entirely in Chinese, though the destinations indicated on the front of buses are in English. If you're staying at a hotel, have the clerk suggest some routes for you, and circle your destination on the map. Show this to the bus driver, and he/she will hopefully remember to tell you when to get off. In smaller cities, there is often no local bus service, though the out-of-town buses will sometimes make stops in the suburbs. There are taxi ranks at all airports and bus terminals. Occasionally a bus driver might stop a bus away from the curb at a bus stop. Sometimes it is due to a vehicle illegally parked at a bus stop. (Taiwanese traffic law and regulation prohibit vehicles from stopping or parking within 10 meters of a bus stop.) However, a bus driver might stop a bus away from the curb just because he or she does not want to wait for overtaking traffic while leaving a bus stop. Therefore, be much more careful when getting on or off a bus stopped away from a curb, as many motorcycles, motor scooters, and bicycles will definitely be tempted to overtake on the right side of the stopped bus where people get on and off! (As traffic drives on the right side of the road in Taiwan, buses have doors on the right side.) [ edit ] By train Taiwan's train system is excellent, with stops in all major cities. In addition, the train system allows you to bypass the highways, which can become extremely crowded on weekends and national holidays. A high speed rail system is currently under construction. [ edit ] Taiwan Railway Administration The TRA runs nearly all the conventional intercity railways in Taiwan. Service is generally efficient and reliable, and is often the most convenient way for visitors to access most cities and towns. Train stations are often located in the centers of most cities and towns and serve as a convenient hub for most types of transportation. You can order up to 6 tickets online - in English - at http://railway.hinet.net 2 weeks in advance, or 1 week in advance if you go directly to a train station. Train schedules, pricing etc can be checked at http://www.railway.gov.tw/e_index.htm ; however, the online services only work between 8am and 9pm or thereabouts. There is a small charge, NT$7, for online bookings. Note that booking online only establishes a reservation as there is no Internet payment option. You must pay for the tickets you reserved at your local train station or post office to actually receive it. Children under a certain height go free, and taller kids get half-price tickets. If you get return tickets there is a small discount. There are also vending machines at the larger stations. Round island tourist rail passes are also available which allow the holder to embark and disembark a set number of times for a fixed price are also available at most larger train stations. A foreign passport may be required for purchase. [ edit ] Service The fastest train is Tzu-Chiang, and the slowest is Pingkuai (Ordinary/Express). There is often little to choose between prices and destination times for adjacent train classes, but the gap can be quite large between the fastest and the slowest. Tzu-Chiang (Tsu-chiang / 自強): The fastest (and most expensive). Assigned seating. Non-reserved (standing) tickets are also sold at full price. Chu-Kuang (Chu-kwang / 莒光): Second fastest. Assigned seating. Fu-hsing (Fu-shing / 復興): Third fastest. Assigned seating. Non-reserved tickets are sold at 80% of original price. EMU (Electric multiple unit / 電車) and DRC (Diesel railcar / 柴客): Short to medium distance commuter train, stops at all stations. No assigned seating. Express / Ordinary (普通): Stops at all stations, no air conditioning, most inexpensive. No assigned seating. Some Express trains (the light blue ones running on West Trunk Line) are air-conditioned while others (dark blue ones) are not equipped with air conditioners. Diesel Express : Only available on East Trunk Line and South Link Line. Mainly serve as commuter trains. No air conditioning. Tickets are the same price as Express and Ordinary. For travel to nearby cities, you can travel on the electric train "dian che" which is something like a subway car on the tracks. These arrive very frequently (about once every ten to fifteen minutes). In addition, "standing tickets" may be purchased on trains with assigned seating that have no available seats. Standing tickets are 80% the original ticket price and may be useful for last minute travelers. The downside is, of course, that you will be required to stand during your entire trip. [ edit ] Taiwan High Speed Rail Taiwan's new high speed rail system similar to the Shinkansen in Japan is currently under construction with completion scheduled for late 2006. The THSR will run along the western coast from Taipei to Kaohsiung. [ edit ] By taxi Taxis are a dime a dozen in Taiwanese cities. The standard yellow cabs scour roads looking for potential riders such as lost foreigners. It is possible but generally unnecessary to phone for a taxi. To hail one, simply place your hand in front of you parallel to the ground. Drivers generally cannot converse in English or read Westernized addresses (Except for special CKS airport taxis). Have the hotel desk or a Taiwanese friend write out your destination in Chinese, and also take a business card from the hotel. Show the driver the Chinese writing of where you are going. Taxis are visibly metered, and cab drivers are strictly forbidden from taking tips. A maximum of four people can ride in one cab, and for the price of one. Relative to American taxicabs, Taiwanese cabs are inexpensive. Of course, not all drivers are trustworthy. An indirect trip might cost you half as much more. Avoid the especially overzealous drivers who congregate at the exits of train stations. From CKS Airport (TPE), buses are a much more economical option but if you want a direct route CKS airport drivers are the best choice. They're quite comfortable and get you to your destination as quick as possible. All the CKS taxi drivers are interlinked by radio so they could be forwarned if there are police. Sometimes, if there are traffic jams and no police around, the driver will drive in the emergency lane. The badge and taxi driver identification are displayed inside and the license number marked on the outside. You must also be wary that the driver turns on his meter, otherwise he might rip you off - in such a case, you aren't obliged to pay; but make sure you can find a police officer to settle the matter. If there are stories of passengers boarding fake taxis and being attacked by the driver, it is best not to be paranoid about it. Drivers may be more worried about passengers attacking them! If you do call a taxi dispatch center, you will be given a taxi number to identify the vehicle when it arrives. Generally, dispatch is extremely rapid and efficient, as the taxis are constantly monitoring dispatch calls from the headquarters using radio while they are on the move. This is also the safest way to take a taxi, especially for females. Taxis are also a flexible although relatively expensive way to travel to nearby cities. They have the advantage over the electric trains in that they run very late at night. Drivers are required to provide a receipt if asked, though you might find them unwilling to do so. Taxi drivers are known for their strong political opinions as they spend all day listening to talk radio. Be careful about your opinions on the cross-strait relations. In addition, if you see blood spewing from the driver's mouth, or him spitting blood onto the street - not to fret, it's merely him chewing Betel Nut (BinLang). [ edit ] By scooter or motorcycle Until recently - 2003 - it wasn't even possible to get a scooter above 150cc in Taiwan. Many of the scooters within cities are only 50cc and incapable of going faster than 60 km/h. The more powerful versions are known as junghsing (heavy format) scooters, are now quite common and can be rented for short-term use, or found for sale used at tealit ( http://www.tealit.com ) if you're going to need it for a while. They are not allowed on freeways even if they are capable of going faster than 100 km/h unless used for certain police purposes, but that just means you have to take the scenic route. If you're just learning to drive a scooter on the streets of Taiwan, it would be a good idea to practice a bit on a back road or alley until you have a feel for the scooter - attempting to do so in the busier cities could easily be fatal. Certainly, things can get pretty hairy on Taiwanese roads and Taipei in particular has narrower more congested roads than many other cities. However if you know what you're doing, it's the perfect way to get around in a city. It should be possible to rent a scooter by the day or week, depending on the city in which you're staying. In Taipei, as of 2005, the only place legally renting scooters and motorbikes to foreigners was the Bikefarm ( http://bikefarm.j321.com/rental.htm ) , run by a very friendly English guy called Jeremy who will show you the ropes and answer all questions. Scooters are easy to rent in most other major cities and many are located near railway or bus stations and you will be approached by touts asking if you want to rent. Most usually require some form of identification even if, in some cases, it consists of your expired Blockbuster video card! Another option is to rent a motorcycle. Many foreigners swear by their 125cc Wild Wolf motorcycles, and a trip around the island on a motorcycle can be a great way to see the island up close. [ edit ] By car VIP Rentals in Taipei is quite happy to rent cars to foreigners, and will even deliver the car to a given destination. Be aware that you need an international driving licence, or a local driving licence (converted from the international) if you are going to drive in inner cities like Jiayi. A deposit is often required, and the last day of rental is not pro-rated, but calculated on a per-hour basis at a separate (higher) rate. Numbered highway system is very good in Taiwan. Most traffic signs are in international symbols, but many signs show names of places and streets in Chinese only. The freeways are in excellent shape with toll stations around every 30 km. Currently a car pays NT$40 when passing each toll station on a freeway. Prepaid tickets may be purchased at most convenience stores, allowing faster passage and eliminating the need to count out exact change while driving. [ edit ] By thumb While Taiwanese themselves don't generally hitchhike , foreigners who have done so say that it was very easy. However, in rural areas people may not recognize the thumb in the air symbol, and you may have to try other ways - flagging down a car might work on a country lane with little or no public transportation, but doing so on a major road might lead to confusion, with the driver assuming that you are in trouble. A sign, especially one in Chinese, would therefore be of great help. The East coast around Hualien and Taidung enjoys a reputation for being especially good for getting rides. Taiwanese people are very friendly and helpful, so striking up a conversation with someone at a transport cafe or freeway service station may well see you on your way. [ edit ] Talk A mix of Taiwanese , Mandarin, Hakka and other varieties of Chinese are spoken on the island, as well as many aboriginal languages. Taiwanese is the mother tongue of 60% of the population. In the North where there is a large concentration of Mainlanders, most people speak Mandarin as their primary language (although Taiwanese is spoken in abundance), but in the South of the island, Taiwanese becomes more standard. The Mandarin in Taiwan is a bit different from the official Beijing Dialect. All people schooled after 1945 are generally fluent in Mandarin, although it is sometimes not the first language of choice. Mandarin is pretty popular with young people. Some in the older generation are not fluent in Mandarin as they were schooled in Japanese or not at all. Universally the Taiwanese are very accepting of foreigners and react with curiosity and admiration for trying the local tongue. Generally, most people in Taiwan converse using a combination of Mandarin and Taiwanese by code-switching. Especially in Taipei, many people are bilingual, speaking at least a little English. The children often understand more English than their parents, especially with the emphasis on English language education today. However, attempts to speak Mandarin or Taiwanese will be met with beaming smiles and encouragement, by and large. Speakers of Mandarin or Taiwanese find English very difficult due to the fact that the Chinese language is totally different in history, structure and sound from European languages. For example, in Chinese there is no word directly translating into "do not". Additionally, "bake," "toast," "roast," "barbecue," and "grill," are all translated into one word. Note on Romanization : The Romanization of Chinese used in Taiwan is not standardized. Most older place names and personal names are derived from a bastardized version of Wade-Giles. Though the government mandated Tongyong Pinyin in 2002, local governments are free to override the order. Some local governments, such as that of Taipei City, have converted their street signs to Hanyu Pinyin. This article attempts to use the Romanizations most commonly used in Taiwan (on street signs, buses, tourist maps, etc.). People know Romanisation as 'Roma-Pinyin'. [ edit ] Buy The currency of Taiwan is the New Taiwan Dollar, known locally as NT or ? (yuan). As of mid-2005, the exchange rate for US$1 had fallen to between NT$31 and NT$32. Taiwan's smallest denomination, the single dollar coin, is worth about 3 US cents. The simplest method of calculating exchange on the run is to multiply by 3, then divide by 100 for US$. Taiwanese currency is fully convertible and there are no restrictions on taking currency into or out of the island. Currency exchange is possible internationally, although you will get a much better rate if you wait until you arrive at the airport to exchange currency at the 24 hour window. Most banks in Taipei and Kaohsiung will also exchange money or offer cash advances on credit or debit cards. You should bring American currency, and additionally, please be sure to bring newer bills, as the banks and exchange-centers (such as in department stores) will only accept the newer bills. They will not at all accept the old-style small-bust bills, and the department stores will not exchange bills older than 1997. Don't forget to show your passport! If you've forgotten to bring any money at all, but have your credit or debit card handy, there's no need to fret. Taiwan's banking system is light-years ahead of most other countries, with the ability to use any of the abundant 24-hour ATM Machines to withdraw cash from anywhere in the world. Additionally, there is no service charge! Certain banks' ATMs will even tell you your available balance in your own currency or in NT$. Most hotels will accept credit cards. Most restaurants and stores will not, and cash is the main form of payment. Because street crime is rare, it is common for people in Taiwan to carry large amounts of cash with them. A meal at a streetside stall may cost NT$50; a meal at a Western fast food restaurant will run you about NT$100; a hotel room at a swanky hotel might cost NT$5000 or more. As in many Asian countries, night markets are a staple of Taiwanese entertainment, shopping and eating. Every city has at least one night market; larger cities like Taipei may have a dozen or more. The most popular night market in Taipei is at Shilin (Jiantan MRT station, NOT Shilin MRT station!), though the most exotic is arguably the Huaxi Street Night Market (a.k.a. Snake Alley) where one can dine on snake meat and try many traditional desserts. Night markets are crowded, so remember to watch out for your wallet! Night markets are open-air markets, usually on a street or alleyway, with vendors selling all sorts of wares on every side. Many bargains can be had, and wherever prices are not displayed, haggling is assumed. In the larger cities you will have a night market every night and in the same place. In smaller cities, they are only open certain nights of the week, and may move to different streets depending on the day of the week. Although Taipei is much larger than Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung's largest night market, Liuhe Night Market is open everyday almost until the sun rises. This contrasts to Taipei's largest night market, Shilin Night Market, which wraps up after midnight every night. Shops selling the same items tend to congregate in the same part of the city. If you want to buy something, ask someone to take you to one shop and there will probably be shops selling similar things nearby. Popular things to buy include: Jade items. Although it can be hard to know for sure if the item you're buying is real jade or not, some beautiful objects are sold. Most cities have a specific jade market dealing in jade and other precious stones. Computers. Taiwan is a center of computer design and manufacture, so some places sell original equipment manufacturers' (OEM) items at good rates. In particular Taiwanese companies produce laptop computers under license to international companies and then sell the same items under different brands locally, effectively giving the same quality for much lower prices. Desktop computers and components however tend to be the same price in Taiwan as in other areas of the world. If you're buying domestic ít's best to go to tourist hangouts to buy your stuff as you might be saddled with Chinese documentation otherwise. Also, especially notebooks are only available with Chinese and English keyboard. NB: In order to protect the environment, a government policy rules that plastic bags cannot be given freely at stores in Taiwan, but have to be bought - bakeries being an exception as the items need to be hygienically wrapped. Re-useable canvas and nylon bags are sold at most supermarkets. [ edit ] Eat Generally speaking, the foods of Taiwan are derived from mainland Chinese cuisines . It is possible to find Szechuan food, Hunan food, Beifang food, Cantonese food and almost every other Chinese cuisine on the island. Taiwanese renditions of these cuisines tend to be somewhat greasy, though, and completely authentic mainland cuisines are rare. This is especially true for the Cantonese cuisine, as demonstrated by the lack of Cantonese speakers on the island. The Taiwanese are also passionately in-love with eggs, as you will discover during your stay on the island. Taiwan also has many of its own local specialties . Perhaps because of its long isolation from mainland China and distance from other parts of the world, most cities and towns in Taiwan are famous for special foods. For example, Ilan is famous for its mochi, a sticky rice snack often flavored with sesame, peanuts or other flavorings. Yonghe , a suburb of Taipei, is famous for its soy milk and breakfast foods. Taichung is famous for its sun cakes, a kind of sweet stuffed pastry. In Jiayi, it's square cookies, also called cubic pastry, crispy layered cookies cut into squares and sprinkled liberally with sesame seeds. Virtually every city has its famous specialties; many Taiwanese tourists will go visit other cities on the island only to try the local foods, then return home. Taiwan also has remarkably good bakery items . Among the chain stores, the 'We Care' bakeries offer some of the better options, such as whole wheat loaves, sour breads and ciabatta. All Mahayana Buddhists, which account for the majority of adherents in Taiwan, aspire to be pure vegetarian in deference to the Buddha's teaching of non-violence and compassion. So, vegetarian restaurants (called su-shr ?? tsan-ting in Mandarin, and often identified with the ? symbol) can be found in abundance all over the island, and they run from cheap buffet style to gourmet and organic. Buffet styled restaurants (called ???, which means "Serve Yourself Restaurant") are common in almost every neighborhood in large cities, and unlike the 'all-you-can-eat' buffets (which charge a set price, usually ranging from NT$250 - NT$350 including dessert and coffee/tea), the cost is estimated by the weight of the food on your plate. Rice (there is usually a choice of brown or white) is charged separately, but soup or cold tea is free and you can refill as many times as you like. NT$90 - NT$120 will buy you a good sized, nutritious meal. However, if you cannot find a veggie restaurant, don't fret. Taiwanese people are very flexible and most restaurants will be happy to cook you up something to suit your requirements. The following sentences in Mandarin might be helpful: Wo chr su - I'm vegetarian, Wo bu chr rou - I don't eat meat. However, as Mandarin is a tonal language, you might need to say both, plus practice your acting skills to get yourself understood. Good luck! NB: If a restaurant refuses your order, don't push the issue. The reason will not be an unwillingness to accommodate your request, but because the basic ingredients of their dishes may include chicken broth or pork fat. Although vegetarian restaurants in Taiwan do not aspire to vegan principles, due to the fact that Taiwanese do not have a tradition of eating dairy products, almost all dishes at Chinese style veggie restaurants will actually be vegan. There are also the standard fast food places such as McDonalds (a standard Big Mac Meal costs NT$109), KFC and MOS Burger. In addition there are large numbers of convenience stores (such as 7-11) that sell things like tea eggs, sandwiches and drinks. The cheapest food can be found in back-alley noodle shops and night market stalls, where you can get a filling bowl of noodles for around NT$35-70. [ edit ] Drink [ edit ] Water The general rule in Taiwan regarding drinking water is that it should only be drunk if it has been boiled (and preferably filtered). The locals do it, and so should you . Water obtained through "special" looking machines that dispense water is also safe to drink. If either case is not possible, then you should buy bottled water. In Taipei , tap water is generally safe to drink once it has been boiled for at least 3 minutes. Outside of Taipei , bottled water is preferable since tap water should be filtered and boiled before drinking. When in Kaohsiung , DO NOT DRINK the tap water, even after filtering or boiling, since the water contains trace amounts of arsenic that is detrimental to ones health. The locals obtain potable water using pumps that look like gasoline pumps that are strewn throughout the residential areas. [ edit ] Alcohol Traditional alcoholic drinks in Taiwan are very strong. Kaoliang is the most famous alcoholic drink. It is extremely strong, usually 140 proof or more, and often drunk straight. Taiwan also produces many types of Shaoxing rice wine, which are considered by many as being some of the best in the world. Taiwanese people enjoy beer on ice. A wide variety of imported beers are available, but the standard is Taiwan Beer , produced by a government monopoly. It is brewed with fragrant penglai rice in addition to barley giving it a distinctive flavor. [ edit ] Tea and coffee Taiwan's speciality teas are High Mountain Oolong (????, Gau-shan wulong ) - a fragrant, light tea, and Tie Guan-yin (???) - a dark, rich brew. Pearl milk tea (????, Zhen-Zhu Nai-Cha ) is a drink, most foreigners like. Its no longer a fad in Taiwan, but can still be found at nearly every coffee/tea shop. Look for a shop where it is fresh made. Just don't expect to see everyone in the homeland of pearl milk tea drinking it. The cafe culture has hit Taiwan in a big way, and in addition to an abundance of privately owned cafes, all the major chains, such as Starbucks, have a multitude of branches throughout major towns and cities. [ edit ] Soft drinks Taiwan is a great place for fruit drinks. Small fruit-juice bars make them fresh on the spot and are experts at creating fruit-juice cocktails (non-alcoholic, of course). zong-he - mixed - is usually a sweet and sour combination and mu-gwa niou-nai is iced papaya milk. If you don't want ice (though it is safe in Taiwan, even at road side vendors) say, chu bing and no sugar - wu tang . Soy milk , or doujiang, is a great treat. Try it hot or cold. Savoury soy milk is a traditional Taiwanese breakfast dish. It is somewhat of an acquired taste as vinegar is added to curdle the milk. Both sweet and savoury soy milk are often ordered with you-tiao, or deep fried dough crullers. There are a lot of pseudo health drinks in Taiwanese supermarkets and convenience stores. Look out for asparagus juice and lavender milk tea for example. [ edit ] Sleep Taiwan doesn't sleep - just look at the number of 24-hour stores out there. But since you have to.... Taiwanese hotels range in quality from seedy to very luxurious. Keep in mind however that hotels which cater specifically to Westerners tend to be outrageously expensive, while comparable and much cheaper hotels are usually available, and most taxi drivers can take you to one. In particular, the airport hotel at CKS International charges about three or four times as much as a hotel in Taoyuan which is a half hour cab ride. Motels can be easily found in suburbs of major cities. A single room with attached bathroom will cost you about 40 to 50 US$ each day. As in much of Asia, hotel beds in Taiwan are generally much harder than in the West. Only in the most upscale Western style hotels will you find beds any softer than a billard table. For the budget-minded, there are hostels in Taipei and most other sizeable cities. [ edit ] Learn [ edit ] Martial arts There are many styles of kung fu taught in Taiwan, largely by masters who came here with the Kuomintang in the late 1940's. Styles include Ba Gua, Tai Chi, Wing Chun, Praying Mantis, Shway Shiao and various weapons systems. Many of the students are westerners in these classes, which has led to the rise of several NHB schools, as well as Ju Jitsu and Akido from Japan. Some of the more famous teachers will provide you with the paperwork needed to extend a student visa twice. Taekwondo is also extremely popular and is often a mandatory part of schoolchildren's physical education. [ edit ] Work The majority of travellers who work in Taiwan pick up temporary jobs teaching English . Jobs teaching other languages (mainly European or Japanese) do exist but have a much smaller proportion of the market. Job requirements - in finding employment with a language school, experience, teaching qualifications and references are not required but obviously help. On paper, a big issue is also made about accents, with the North American English accent being heavily favored over British, Australian and South African accents in many language schools' sales marketing. However, in practice, many schools that advertise 'American English' and claim that their teachers are all from Canada or the USA, actually employ teachers from anywhere. Age is a factor, with applicants in their 20s seemingly being preferred. More than anything, appearance is probably the major factor in finding employment with most schools - Do you 'look Western'? - and reliability and turning up on time for work is then the major factor for keeping your job. Therefore, if you look the part, it is very easy to find a school willing to take you on for at least a few days. This 'look Western' point has quite a bearing. Unfortunately, Taiwan is hardly a great promoter of equal opportunities . In many schools there is a prejudice towards teachers applying for jobs who are not of white Caucasian appearance, seen as the typical Western appearance in Asian countries. This is independent of whether or not the teacher has relevant teaching ability and citizenship of one of the permitted ARC countries. Many parents who send their children to schools to be taught English expect the teacher to look like they are from the US, Canada, the UK, Australia, and so on, and so the decision on the part of the school managers is mainly about economics. For those affected by this, it's a sad fact of Taiwan that is unlikely to change in the near future. Good employers without such prejudiced requirements do exist, but greater perseverence is needed when looking for them. It is illegal to work without a work permit (called an ARC - Alien Residency Permit), and legal work officially requires a college degree and usually a long (two month+) application process. However, illegal employment is easy to find with many school managers being willing to pay under the table for short durations. Be aware that if caught or reported, you risk criminal charges and could be deported. The government tends to waver from being very lax on this issue under one administration to suddenly taking action under the next. The rules for getting an ARC do change often and each administrative part of Taiwan has its own ways of handling them, so it is best to check the pages of the website Forumosa (see later) and find out what the experiences of others are in your area. Keep in mind, that you can only get an ARC for English teaching if you are a 'citizen of a native English speaking country'. Taiwan's government defines these countries to be only the USA, Canada, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and South Africa. Almost all teachers apply for an ARC through their employers only after starting work and it is tied to their ongoing employment with that school. Therefore, if the teacher wishes to leave their employment, they will have to quickly find an alternative employer or lose their ARC and hence be required to leave Taiwan. Also, very few schools will arrange an ARC without at least a year-long contract being signed. Frankly, with all this inflexibility, it's no wonder so many teachers opt for the non-legal route. That and tax evasion. A lot of the illegal teaching work that the majority of English teachers partake in is simply through private student tuition with payment being cash-in-hand. You can find a lot of private students around universities that have a Chinese-teaching department - look for the areas where all the foreign students will be and check the noticeboards. Because the majority of adult private students want to practise English conversation, you won't need to have any Chinese ability. However, it is definitely a selling point and, if you do have Chinese-speaking ability, it's worthwhile mentioning that in any advertising of your services. Also, once you have some regular students, remember that in Taiwan, as in most Asian countries, 'connections' or 'guanxi' are very important - if your students like you, they will in all likelihood recommend you to their family and friends. Teaching English in Taiwan can be lucrative, as the salaries are very high compared to the cost of living, typically ranging between 500 and 650NT per hour before deductions in most language schools, with anything between 500-1000NT per hour being negotiable for private students. In the past few years, the flow of would-be teachers into Taiwan has increased dramatically, resulting in stiffer competition for jobs as well as a general drop in wages and this trend may continue. On top of this, the Taiwanese dollar has been sliding in value over the past five years, meaning you get less and less for your dollar in foreign currency at the end of the month. There are some excellent internet resources to help you find English-teaching work in Taiwan. http://www.buxiban.com has a list of schools that employ foreign teachers in Taiwan. A unique feature of the site is that present and past teachers can leave feedback ratings of their school. http://www.forumosa.com/taiwan is a community of mainly foreign residents of Taiwan and their comments and practical advice on working and living there will likely prove to be invaluable. http://www.tealit.com is another useful resource. Aside from English-teaching, other common kinds of employment available for mainly native English-speaking travellers include such tid-bits as small acting parts for TV and film, voice talent (video games, dubbing tracks, etc), editing and even writing educational materials. Many of these will be advertised on billboards in Chinese language-teaching institutes and universities, where there are likely to be many foreign students. If after travelling and living there, you find you are serious about working in Taiwan , the most lucrative employment to be had is if you are employed by a multinational company, perhaps in a high-paying country like the UK, US or Australia, and you are sent across to their office in Taiwan. Many foreigners end up doing the same job as their colleagues who were employed in the Taiwan office, but for perhaps 3 or 4 times their pay. [ edit ] Stay Safe [ edit ] Crime Taiwan is extremely safe, even for women late at night. This is not to say, however, that there is no crime, and you should always exercise caution. Unlike in many neighbouring countries, it is very rare to see drunks on the street, day or night. Beggars are also very rare, except a few who congregate in the vicinity of Buddhist temples, with the hope that they will get donations from generous-hearted practitioners. Beggars are generally not aggressive, and one can safely give money to them without being worried about being swamped. Like anywhere else in the world, women should be cautious when taking taxis alone late at night. Although they are generally safe, there was one noted case of a prominent female politician being assaulted and murdered by a taxi driver in Kaohsiung several years ago. If you do need to take a taxi alone, then it's a good idea to arrange to have a friend call you when you get home, and to be seen making the arrangements for this by the cab driver. It also helps if a friend sees you being picked up, as taxis have visible license numbers. Don't tell taxi drivers your exact address but just the street name or section. Many of the Taiwanese taxi drivers are ex-cons and might be interested in what you have at home. Police departments in most jurisdictions will have a Foreign Affairs Police unit staffed by English speaking officers. If reporting a major crime, it is advisible to contact the Foreign Affairs unit in addition to officers at your local precinct. Police stations are marked with a red light above the door. For more information see the National Police Agency website ( http://www.npa.gov.tw/eng/npa_e.htm ) . It is not to say that Taiwan is crime-free, and there will of course be incidences of theft etc, but it is fair to say that the island is generally considered a very safe environment and violent crime, in particular, is still relatively scarce. [ edit ] Natural hazards Taiwan often experiences typhoons during the summer months and early fall. Heavy monsoon rainfall also occurs during the summer. Hikers and mountaineers should be sure to consult weather reports before heading into the mountains. A major hazard following heavy rainfall in the mountains is falling rocks caused by the softening of the earth and there are occasional reports of people being killed or injured by these. Taiwan is also located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, which means that earthquakes are a common occurrence. Most earthquakes are barely noticible, though the effect may be slightly amplified for those in higher buildings. While the local building codes are extremely strict, general precautions should still be observed during an earthquake, including taking cover and checking for gas leaks afterwards. [ edit ] Traffic Local drivers have a well-deserved reputation for being somewhat reckless. Many motorcycle riders also have a tendency of zipping through any space no matter how tiny. Be extra careful when crossing the road, even to the extent of looking both ways on a one-way street. When crossing at a pedestrian-crossing at a T-junction or crossroads, be aware that when the little green man lights up and you start crossing, motorists will still try to turn right, with or without a green feeder light. [ edit ] Emergency Phone Numbers Police : 110 Fire/Ambulance : 119 [ edit ] Stay Healthy Westerners should be cautious of relatively undercooked food. Many Taiwanese restaurants offer plates of raw, sliced red meat and uncooked seafood that are brought to the table and either barbecued or simmered in a pot of stock. As this constitutes a staple of the Taiwanese diet, any bacteria that may remain doesn't affect the locals, but can wreak havoc with foreigners. The best policy is to make sure you cook the food in a manner to which you are accustomed. Don't drink tap water without boiling it, though it's safe for brushing your teeth. Drugs are freely available for minor ailments at drug stores. The quality of the hospitals in Taiwan is excellent and on par with those found in the West. Long term residents with an 'alien registration card' can avail themselves of the very convenient and efficient national health service, which covers treatment and medication using both Western and traditional Chinese medicine. However, this is not available to short term visitors on tourist visas. [ edit ] Respect [ edit ] Culture Taiwan shares several cultural taboos with other East Asian nations. Sticking your chopsticks straight up into your bowl of rice. This is reminiscent of incense sticks at a temple, and has connotations of wishing death upon those around you. If you want to put your chopsticks down, either put them on the provided porcelain chopstick rest (at fancier restaurants) or rest the chopsticks on the edge of your bowl. The Chinese are very superstitious about anything connected with dying - unlucky things should never be mentioned. Writing people's names in red. This again has connotations of death. When writing someone's English name, this is not a problem, but avoid writing Chinese names in red. There are numerous taboos dictating that certain objects shouldn't be given to others, often because the word for that object sounds like another unfortunate word: Umbrellas, which in Mandarin sound the same as the word for "break up". Friends should therefore never give friends umbrellas. Instead, friends will euphemistically "rent" each other umbrellas for a tiny amount (NT$1, for example). Giving people clocks. "Clock", in Mandarin, has the same sound as the word "to terminate." Watch out for Arnold Schwarzenegger giving away clocks! Giving people shoes. Never ever offer shoes as a gift to old people, as it signifies sending them on their way to heaven. The Taiwanese are certainly not puritanical and enjoy a drink, especially the locally brewed Taiwan Beer and Kaoliang. However, Taiwan does not have a culture of binge drinking and is rare to see anyone drunk on the streets. While over indulging in alcohol is not a social taboo as such (and some people do so at weddings), it is considered a sign of lack of self-confidence and immaturity, and doing so certainly won't gain you any respect among Taiwanese friends. [ edit ] Politics Taiwanese society is rather polarized by allegiance between supporters of the two major political blocks informally known as "pan-blue coalition" and "pan-green coalition", although there are large numbers of people who are either centrist or who don't care. To simplify a complex situation, pan-blue supporters tend to be more favorable toward the idea of reunification with the mainland and pan-green supporters tend to be more favorable toward the idea of establishing an independent Republic of Taiwan, among other differences. Although there are some correlations, it is highly unwise to assume anything about a particular persons political beliefs based on what you think you know about their background. Also, the very brief sketch of Taiwanese politics obscures a large amount of complexity. Unless you know your listener well, it is unwise to say anything (either positive or negative) about the current government, about historical figures in Taiwanese history, about Taiwan's international relations, or about relations with Mainland China. Some figures such as Sun Yat-sen are generally seen positively, but others (Chiang Kai-shek and Lee Teng-hui in particular) arouse very polarized feelings. Some people will get very offended if you imply that Taiwan is part of China. Other people will get very offended if you imply that Taiwan is not part of China. Referring to the PRC as 'Communist China' or 'Mainland China' rather than simply China will tend not to offend anyone. Referring to the Republic of China as a whole as 'Taiwan Province' will draw a negative reaction from most Taiwanese. 'Greater China' may be used in certain business contexts. Keep in mind however, that there are so many subtleties and complexities here that if you are talking about these things, you've already wandered into a minefield. [ edit ] Contact [ edit ] Getting Online Internet cafes are plentiful, although you may have to wander around before finding one. Rather, Internet cafes in Taiwan should be called gaming cafes. Although people do surf the Internet, most people primarly go there for a smooth experience of online gaming. Each hour of Internet access/game play is extremely cheap, coming in at around 20NT$. Some machines in the internet cafes are coin operated. For free internet access in big cities, try out the local libraries. In addition, a wireless internet accessing net covering all of Taipei City and Kaohsiung City is currently under construction, it already works in some huge MRT stations and on some special points. You will need some sort of login. [ edit ] Media Taiwan has a very free and liberal press. There are three daily newspapers available in English: the China Post ( http://www.chinapost.com.tw/ ) , the Taipei Times ( http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/ ) , Taiwan News ( http://www.etaiwannews.com/ ) [ edit ] External links Tourist Bureau ( http://www.tbroc.gov.tw/lan/cht/index/ ) This is a usable article. It has information for getting in as well as some complete entries for restaurants and hotels. An adventurous person could use this article, but please plunge forward and help it grow ! Retrieved from " http://wikitravel.org/en/Taiwan " Views Article Discussion Edit History Personal tools My page My talk Preferences My watchlist My contributions Create an account or log in Navigation Main Page Today's Log Recent changes Random page Help Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Special pages Other sites/languages Deutsch Français 日本語 Wikipedia This page was last modified 07:12, 24 Dec 2005 by Anonymous user(s) of Wikitravel. Based on work by Ben Caesar , Evan Prodromou , L. Chang , Ian , Colin Jensen , S Chen , Steffen Mokosch , Pat Gunn , Mary Gardiner , Ravikiran , Raiden Thervosky , Paul N. Richter , Mark Jaroski and Yann Forget and Wikitravel user(s) Jpatokal , InterLangBot , PierreAbbat , TransUtopian , Shoestring , Jusjih , Nzpcmad , Bijee , Jiang , Sohcahtoa , Huttite , Nils , Doctor F , Allentchang , Karen Johnson and CIAWorldFactbook2002 . Content is available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 1.0 . About Wikitravel Disclaimers

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Italy Travel

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Pollica Aci Castello Acireale Acitrezza Acquapendente Acquappesa Acquasparta Acquaviva Picena Acqui Terme Afragola Agliana Agliano Terme Agordo Agrigento Alassio Alatri Alba Alba Adriatica Albenga Alberese Alberobello Albinia Alcamo Alessandria Alghero Alicudi Allein Alseno Altomonte Amalfi Amantea Amatrice Ameglia Amelia Amendolara Ampezzo Anagni Anchiano Ancona Andalo Andora Andria Anghiari Ansedonia Antey-Saint-Andr Aosta Appignano Aquileia Arabba Arbatax Arcevia Arcidosso Arco Arcugnano Arenzano Arezzo Argentario Arona Arta Terme Artimino Arvier Arzachena Asciano Ascoli Piceno Assisi Asti Atri Attigliano Auditore Augusta Auronzo di Cadore - Misurina Avellino Avezzano Avigliano Umbro Ayas Azzate Bacoli Bagheria Bagnacavallo Bagnara Bagni di Lucca Bagno a Ripoli Bagno di Romagna Terme Bagnoregio Baja Sardinia Balestrate Barano Barberino Val d'Elsa Barberino di Mugello Bardolino Bardonecchia Barisardo Barolo Barrea Baschi Bassano del Grappa Battaglia Terme Battipaglia Baveno Belforte all'Isauro Bellagio Bellaria Igea Marina Bellizzi Belluno Belvedere Marittimo Benevento Bergamo Besenzone Bettolle - Sinalunga Bettona Bevagna Bibbiena Bibbona Bibione Bivongi Blera Bojano Bologna Bolsena Bolzano Bomarzo - Sacro Bosco Bonassola Borgo Pace Borgo San Lorenzo Borgo a Mozzano Bormio Borno Bosa Bracciano Brentonico Brenzone Brescia Bressanone Breuil-Cervinia Briatico Brindisi Brisighella Brissogne Brugnera Brunico Brusson Bubbio Bucine Budoia Budoni Buonconvento Buseto Palizzolo Busseto Bussolengo Buttigliera d'Asti Buttrio Cagliari Caiazzo Cala Gonone Calalzo di Cadore Calamandrana Calangianus Calasetta Calatafimi Caldaro Caldiero Calenzano Camaiore Camaldoli Camerano Camerota Camigliatello Silano Camino Camogli Campello sul Clitunno Campiglia Campiglia Marittima Campigna Campione d'Italia Campitello Matese Campitello di Fassa Campo Lomaso - Terme di Comano Campo nell'Elba Campobasso Campobello di Mazara Campofelice di Roccella Campomarino Canazei Canino Cannero Riviera Cannigione Cannobio Cantalupo in Sabina Cantiano Caorle Capalbio Capo Rizzuto Capo d'Orlando Capodimonte Capoliveri Capolona Capracotta Caprese Michelangelo Capri Carbonia Cardedu Carisolo Carmignano Carpegna Carr Casalbordino Casalborsetti Casalzuigno Casamari Casamicciola Casarsa della Delizia Cascia Casciana Terme Cascina Caserta Casignana Casola Valsenio Casole d'Elsa Casorzo Cassano allo Ionio Cassine Cassino Castagneto Carducci Castagno di Piteccio Castel Ritaldi Castel San Niccol Castel San Pietro Terme Castel Viscardo Castel del Piano Casteldelci Castelfiorentino Castelfranco Emilia Castelfranco di Sopra Castell'Azzara Castellammare del Golfo Castelletto Castellina Marittima Castellina in Chianti Castelnuovo Berardenga Castelnuovo Garfagnana Castelnuovo Magra Castelnuovo Rangone Castelnuovo del Garda Castelrotto Castelsardo Castelvetro Castiadas Castiglion Fibocchi Castiglion Fiorentino Castiglioncello Castiglione Tinella Castiglione d'Orcia Castiglione dei Pepoli Castiglione del Lago Castiglione della Pescaia Catania Catanzaro Cattolica Caulonia Marina Cavaion Veronese Cavalese Cavi di Lavagna Cavriglia Cecina Cefal Celano Ceriale Cernobbio Cerreto Guidi Cerro Veronese Certaldo Cervia Cervo Cesana Torinese Cesena Cesenatico Cetara Cetona Cetraro Chamois Champorcher Charvensod Cherasco Chianciano Terme Chiaravalle Chiavari Chiusa Chiusdino Chiusi Chiusi della Verna Chtillon Cingoli Cinigiano Cinquale Cinto Euganeo Cirella Cir Marina Citerna Cittadella del Capo Citt Sant'Angelo Citt del Vaticano Citt della Pieve Citt di Castello Civita Castellana Civitella in Val di Chiana Cocconato d'Asti Cogne Collazzone Colle di Val d'Elsa Collecchio Collesalvetti Colli del Tronto Colonnella Colorno Comacchio Comeana Como Comune di Orsomarso Conca dei Marini Consuma Corciano Coreglia Ligure Coriano Corinaldo Cormns Corniglia Corniolo Cortina d'Ampezzo Cortona Corvaro Cosenza Costa Rei Courmayeur Cremona Crotone Cumiana Cuneo Cupramontana Curtatone Cutigliano Cutrofiano Deiva Marina Deruta Desenzano del Garda Diamante Diano Marina Dicomano Dimaro Dobbiaco Dogliani Donoratico - Marina di Castagneto Drapia Empoli Ercolano Erice Este Etroubles Fabriano Fabro Faenza Fai della Paganella Fano Farfa Farra d'Isonzo Fauglia Favignana Ferentillo Ferentino - Terme Pompeo Fermo Ferrara Ferrazzano Fie allo Sciliar Fiesole Fiesso d'Artico Figline Valdarno Filicudi Finale Ligure Firenze Firenzuola Fiuggi Fogliano Redipuglia Foligno Follina Follonica Fontanellato Fordongianus Forio Forl Formigine Forni Avoltri Forni di Sopra Forte dei Marmi Fosdinovo Fossano Fossombrone Foss Frontino Frosinone Fucecchio Fumone Furnari Furore Gabicce Gaiole in Chianti Gallipoli Galzignano Terme Gambassi Gambellara Gangi Garda Gardone Riviera Gargnano Garlasco Gatteo a Mare Gavorrano Gemona del Friuli Genova Gerola Alta Ghiffa Giano dell'Umbria Giardini Naxos Giba Giglio Giglio Campese Giglio Castello Giglio Porto Gignod Gioiosa Marea Girasole Giulianova Giungano Golfo Aranci Golfo di Marinella Gorizia Grado Greccio Gressan Gressoney-La-Trinit Gressoney-Saint-Jean Greve in Chianti Griante Grosseto Grottammare Gualdo Tadino Guarcino Guardia Piemontese - Terme Luigiane Guardistallo Gubbio Guidonia Iglesias Imperia Impruneta Ischia Ischitella Iseo Isernia Isola d'Asti Isola del Gran Sasso d'Italia Isola di Capo Rizzuto Isola di Giannutri Isola di Pantelleria Isola di Ustica Isole Tremiti Jesolo L'Aquila La Morra La Salle La Spezia La Thuile Labro Lacco Ameno Lagonegro Lagundo Lajatico Lamezia Terme Lampedusa Lampione Lamporecchio Lanusei Lastra a Signa Laterina Lavagna Lazise Le Castella Lecce Leivi Lerici Lesina Leuca - Santa Maria di Leuca Levanto Levanzo Levico Lido Adriano Lido degli Estensi Lido degli Scacchi Lido delle Nazioni Lido di Classe Lido di Dante Lido di Pomposa Lido di Savio Lido di Spina Lido di Volano Lignano Sabbiadoro Limone sul Garda Linosa Lipari Lisciano Niccone Livigno Livorno Lizzano in Belvedere Locorotondo Locri Loiri Porto San Paolo Lonato Loreto Loreto Aprutino Loro Ciuffenna Lotzorai Lozzo Atestino Lucca Lucoli Lugo Lunamatrona Lunano Luogosanto Lustignano Macerata Macerata Feltria Madonna di Campiglio Magione Magliano Sabina Magliano in Toscana Maier Maiolo Maiori Malborghetto - Valbruna Malcesine Manarola Manciano Manerba del Garda Manfredonia Manta Mantova Maranello Maranza Maratea Marciana Marciana Marina Marciano della Chiana Marettimo Marina Romea Marina di Campo Marina di Gioiosa Jonica Marina di Grosseto Marina di Lesina Marina di Massa Marina di Pisticci Marina di Ravenna Marlengo Marliana Marostica Marradi Marsala Marsciano Marsiliana Marta Martinsicuro Massa Massa Lubrense Massa Marittima Massa Martana Massa e Cozzile Massarosa Matera Mattinata Mazara del Vallo Medea Melendugno Menaggio Merano Mercatale Val di Pesa Mercatale di Cortona Mercatino Conca Messina Mestre Metaponto Mezzani Mezzegra Miglionico Milano Milano Marittima Milazzo Minori Minucciano Mirano Misano Adriatico Misurina Modena Moena Mogliano Veneto Moltrasio Molveno Mombaruzzo Mondello Moneglia Monforte d'Alba Mongardino Moniga del Garda Monreale Monsampolo del Tronto Monselice Montaione Montalbano Montalbano Elicona Montalcino Montalto delle Marche Montalto di Castro Monte Castello di Vibio Monte Cerignone Monte Isola Monte San Savino Monte San Vito Montebello Montebello Vicentino Montecarlo Montecatini Terme Montecatini Val di Cecina Montecchio Montecchio Maggiore Montecopiolo Montefalco Montefiascone Montefortino Montegrimano Terme Montegrosso d'Asti Montegrotto Terme Montelaterone Montelupo Fiorentino Montemignaio Montenero d'Orcia Montepulciano Monterchi Monteriggioni Monteroni d'Arbia Monterosso al Mare Monterotondo Marittimo Montesilvano Montespertoli Montevarchi Monteverdi Marittimo Monti Montichiari Monticiano Montisi Montone Montorgiali Monzambano Morano Calabro Morbello Morgex Morro d'Alba Mozia Muravera - Costa Rei Murisengo Murlo Napoli Naturno Naz-Sciaves Neive Nervi Nesso Nicotera Nissoria Nocera Umbra Nonantola Norcia Noto Nova Levante Nova Ponente Nova Siri Novafeltria Novara Numana Nuoro Nus Obereggen Olbia Opi Opicina Orbetello Orgosolo Oristano Orosei Orta San Giulio Orte Ortisei Orvieto Ostellato Ostra Ostuni Otranto Ovindoli Ozieri Ozzano dell'Emilia Pachino Paciano Padenghe Padova Paese Paestum Palaia Palau Palazzolo Acreide Palazzuolo sul Senio Palermo Palestrina Palmarola Palmi Paluzza Panarea Panicale Panzano in Chianti Parabita Parghelia Parigi Parma Partinico Passignano sul Trasimeno Passo Rolle Passo Tonale Pastena Patti Peccioli Pejo Pelago Pennabilli Penne Pergine Valdarno Perugia Pesaro Pescara Pescasseroli Pesche Peschici Peschiera del Garda Pescia Pescina Pescocostanzo Petrella Salto Pettenasco Piacenza Pian di Meleto Piancastagnaio Pianella Pianoro Piazza Armerina Piegaro Pienza Pietracupa Pietrarubbia Pietrasanta Pieve Santo Stefano Pinarella di Cervia Pinzolo Piombino Pioppi - Pollica Piove di Sacco Pisa Piscinas Pisticci Pistoia Piteglio Pitigliano Pizzo Poggibonsi Poggio Bustone - La Foresta - Fonte Colombo Poggio a Caiano Polcanto Polesine Polignano a Mare Pomaia Pomarance Pompei Pontassieve Ponte Arche - Terme di Comano Ponte di Legno Pontebba Pontecagnano Ponti sul Mincio Ponza Poppi Pordenone Porlezza Porto Azzurro Porto Cervo Porto Corsini Porto Ercole Porto Garibaldi Porto Palo di Capopassero Porto Recanati Porto Rotondo Porto San Giorgio Porto Santo Stefano Portoferraio Portofino Portonovo Portorosa Portoscuso Portovenere Posada Positano Potenza Pozzuoli Pozzuolo Umbro Praia a Mare Praiano Prata Prato Pratovecchio Predazzo Principina Mare Procida Pr-Saint-Didier Pula Punta Ala Punta Marina Terme Quartu S. Elena Querceta Rabl presso Merano Radda in Chianti Radicofani Radicondoli Ragusa Rapallo Rapolano Terme Ravascletto Ravello Ravenna Recoaro Terme Reggello Reggio Calabria Reggio Emilia Reitano Rende Repubblica di San Marino Rhmes-Notre-Dame Riace Marina Riccione Ricc del Golfo di Spezia Rieti Rignano sull'Arno Rigomagno Rigutino Rimini Rio Marina Rio di Pusteria/Valles/Spinga Rio nell'Elba Riolo Terme Riomaggiore Rioveggio Riparbella Riposto Riva del Garda Rivisondoli Rocca Sinibalda Rocca d'Arazzo Rocca di Cambio Rocca di Mezzo Roccabianca Roccalbegna Roccalumera Roccaraso Roccastrada Roccella Jonica Rodengo Rodi Garganico Rodia Rodigo Roma Ronchi Ronta Roseto Capo Spulico Roseto degli Abruzzi Rosignano Marittimo Rossano Rover Veronese Rufina Russi S. Agata Feltria S. Anna di Mascali S. Vigilio di Marebbe Sabaudia Saint-Christophe Saint-Nicolas Saint-Pierre Saint-Rhmy-en-Bosses Saint-Vincent Salerno Salina Salsomaggiore Terme Salve Sal Sambuca Pistoiese San Bartolomeo al Mare San Benedetto del Tronto San Candido San Casciano dei Bagni San Casciano in Val di Pesa San Donato in Poggio San Felice Circeo San Felice del Benaco San Floriano del Collio San Gemini San Gimignano San Giorgio di Mantova San Giovanni Lupatoto San Giovanni Rotondo San Giovanni Valdarno San Giovanni d'Asso San Giuliano Terme San Giustino San Godenzo San Leo San Marcello Pistoiese San Marino San Martino Buon Albergo San Martino di Castrozza San Marzano Oliveto San Mauro del Cilento San Menaio San Michele di Ganzaria San Miniato San Momm San Nicola Arcella San Nicol San Pantaleo San Piero a Sieve San Pietro Legnago San Pietro in Cariano San Polo in Chianti San Quirico d'Orcia San Rocco a Pilli San Secondo Parmense San Severino Lucano San Teodoro San Venanzo San Vincenzo San Vito Lo Capo San Vito al Tagliamento San Vito di Cadore San Zeno di Montagna Sangineto Sanluri Sannicola Sanremo Sansepolcro Sant'Agata sui Due Golfi Sant'Antioco Santa Caterina Valfurva Santa Cristina Santa Fiora Santa Flavia Santa Margherita Ligure Santa Margherita di Pula Santa Maria Navarrese Santa Sofia Santa Teresa di Gallura Santa Venerina Santarcangelo di Romagna Santo Stefano Belbo Santo Stefano di Camastra Sappada Sardara Sarre Sarteano Sassari Sassetta Sasso Marconi Sassocorvaro Sassofeltrio Sassoferrato Saturnia Sauris Sauze d'Oulx Scalea Scandicci Scanno Scansano Scarlino Scarperia Scena Sciacca Scopello Scorz Segesta Seggiano Selinunte Sella Nevea Sellano Sellia Marina Selva Gardena Semproniano Senigallia Sennariolo Seravezza Serra de' Conti Serrara Fontana Serravalle Pistoiese Serre di Rapolano Sesto Fiorentino Sestola Sestri Levante Sestriere Sibari Siderno Siena Signa Silvi Marina Sinalunga Sinio Siracusa Sirmione Sirolo Sissa Siusi allo Sciliar Soave Solda Sommacampagna Sommariva Perno Sora Soraga Soragna Sorano Soriano nel Cimino Sorrento Sorso Sovicille Spello Sperlonga Spilimbergo Spoleto Stazzano Steven di Caneva Stilo Stintino Stresa Stromboli Strongoli Subbiano Subiaco Sulmona Susegana Suvereto Tabiano Tagliata di Cervia Talamello Talamone Taormina Tarano Taranto Tarquinia Tarvisio Tavarnelle Val di Pesa Tavoleto Tempio Pausania Tem Teolo Termini Imerese Termoli Terni Terracina Terranova di Pollino Terranuova Bracciolini Terrasini Tesero Tires Tirolo Tirrenia Tivoli Todi Tolmezzo Tol Ton Tonezza del Cimone Torbole sul Garda Torgiano Torino Torre Bormida Torre del Lago Puccini Torregrande Torri del Benaco Torrita di Siena Tortol Toscolano Maderno Trani Trapani Trecasali Trento Trequanda Trevi Trezzo Tinella Tricase Trieste Trinit d'Agultu Trisulti Tropea - Ricadi - Capo Vaticano Tuoro sul Trasimeno Udine Ugento Uggiano La Chiesa Umbertide Urbania Urbino Urbisaglia Vaglia Valdaora Valderice Valdidentro Valdisotto Valeggio sul Mincio Valenza Valfabbrica Valgrisenche Valledoria Valsavarenche Valsolda Valtournenche Vandoies/Val di Fundres Varazze Varigotti Vazia Veleso Velletri Venezia Ventimiglia Ventotene - Santo Stefano Venzone Verbania Vernazza Veroli Verona Vescovado di Murlo Vescovana Vezzano Ligure Viadana Viareggio Vibo Valentia Vicchio Vicenza Vico Equense Vicopisano Vieste Vigo di Fassa Vigonovo di Fontanafredda Villafranca Villamiroglio Villanova d'Asti Villaputzu (Porto Corallo) Villasimius Villeneuve Villetta Barrea Vinchio Vinci Vipiteno Virgilio Viterbo Volpedo Volta Mantovana Volterra Vulcano Vulci Zagarise Zambrone Zannone Zibello Zola Predosa by Massimo Tonelli Welcome to Italy Since 1994, Welcome to Italy has been, and remains, the principle point of reference in internet for aiding the selection of ways to visit to our "Fair Country". Travel & Tourism escorts you through 1,200 municipalities and tourist areas, all subdivided geographically. Hotels - Accommodation offers you over 3,000 possibilities of accommodation, from the most prestigious hotels to the smallest B&B. Agencies and Estate Agents permits you to find your apartment, or whatever else your requirement, through the use of specialists in the sector. Business Hotels aids you in the organisation of your smaller or more important work engagements. Healt Fitness and Beauty is born for helping you to differentiate the locations of spas and healing waters and the various Beauty Centres. Art and Museums is where you can find over 5,000 museums located throughout Italy. Italian Cooking recounts the history of how food was once eaten, from the times of the Etruscans and the Romans up to the present day. Surveys brings you to all the additional services offered by Welcome to Italy. Travel and Tourism PageRank order Welcome to Europe Welcome to France Welcome to Cte d'Azur Welcome to Paris Welcome to Corsica Welcome to Switzerland © 1994 by Datatravel Srl

Air Travel Consumer Report

Aviation Consumer Protection Home Page Español/Spanish Organization & Functions | Air Travel Problems/Complaints | Air Travel Consumer Report | Rules & Guidelines Travel Tips & Publications | Airline Customer Service Plans | Service Cessations | Safety/Security Information New Horizons Information for the Air Traveler with a Disability Printer-friendly version (in Microsoft Word format) CONTENTS Introduction Planning Your Trip The New Traveling Environment Getting Advance Information About the Aircraft When Advance Notice Can Be Required When Attendants Can Be Required At The Airport Airport Accessibility Moving Through the Airport Passenger Information Security Screening Medical Certificates Communicable Diseases Getting On And Off The Plane The Safety Briefing Handling of Mobility Aids and Assistive Devices Boarding and Deplaning On The Plane Aircraft Accessibility Seat Assignments Service Animals In-Cabin Service Charges for Accommodations Prohibited Personnel Training Compliance Procedures Introduction For years, access to the nation’s air travel system for persons with disabilitieswas an area of substantial dissatisfaction, with both passengers and theairline industry recognizing the need for major improvement.In 1986 Congress passed the Air CarrierAccess Act, requiring the Department of Transportation (DOT) to develop newregulations which ensure that persons with disabilities will be treated withoutdiscrimination in a way consistent with the safe carriage of allpassengers. These regulations werepublished in March 1990 and have been amended several times since then. The DOT regulations, referred to here as the Air Carrier Access rules, represent amajor stride forward in improving air travel for persons withdisabilities.The rules clearly explainthe responsibilities of the traveler, the carriers, the airport operators, andcontractors, who collectively make up the system which moves over one millionpassengers per day. The Air Carrier Access Act was amended effectiveApril 5, 2000, to cover foreign air carriers.The rules that implement the ACAA will be amended to reflect thatchange. TheAir Carrier Access rules are designed to minimize the special problems thattravelers with disabilities face as they negotiate their way through thenation’s complex air travel system from origin to destination. This is achieved: By recognizing that the physical barriersencountered by passengers with disabilities can frequently be overcome byemploying simple changes in layout and technology. By adopting the principle that manydifficulties confronting passengers with hearing or vision impairments will berelieved if they are provided access to the same information that is availableto all other passengers. Through training of all air travel personnelwho come in day-to-day contact with persons with disabilities, to understandtheir needs and how they can be accommodated quickly, safely, and with dignity. Thisguide is designed to offer travelers with disabilities a brief butauthoritative source of information about the Air Carrier Access rules: theaccommodations, facilities, and services that are now required to beavailable. It also describes featuresrequired by other regulations designed to make air travel more accessible. Theguide is structured in much the same sequence as a passenger would plan for atrip: the circumstances he or she must consider prior to traveling, what willbe encountered at the airport, and what to expect in the transitions fromairport to airplane, on the plane, and then airplane to airport. Top of document Planning Your Trip The New Traveling Environment THE AIR CARRIER ACCESS RULES SWEEP aside many restrictionsthat formerly discriminated against passengers with disabilities: A carrier may not refuse transportation to apassenger solely on the basis of a disability. Air carriers may not limit the number ofindividuals with disabilities on a particular flight. All trip information that is made availableto other passengers also must be made available to passengers withdisabilities. Carriers must provide passage to anindividual who has a disability that may affect his or her appearance orinvoluntary behavior, even if this disability may offend, annoy, or be aninconvenience to crew-members or other passengers. There are a few exceptions: The carrier may refuse transportation if theindividual with a disability would endanger the health or safety of otherpassengers, or transporting the person would be a violation of FAA safetyrules. The carrier may refuse transportation ifthere are no lifts, boarding chairs or other devices available which can beadapted to enplane the passenger.Airline personnel are not required to carry a mobility-impaired personon or off the aircraft by hand, i.e. to directly pick up the passenger's bodyin the arms of one or more airline staffers and carry the individual up or downstairs. Lifts or similar devices arecurrently required for nearly all flights on aircraft with 19 or more seats atairports with 10,000 or more annual enplanements. There are special rules about persons withcertain disabilities or communicable diseases.These rules are covered in the chapter entitled “ At the Airport .” The carrier may refuse transportation if itis unable to seat the passenger without violating the FAA Exit Row Seatingrules. See the chapter “ On the Plane .” There are new procedures for resolving disputes: All carriers are now required to have aComplaints Resolution Official (CRO) immediately available (even if by phone)to resolve disagreements which may arise between the carrier and passengerswith disabilities. Travelers who disagree with a carrier’s actionstoward them can pursue the issue with the carrier’s CRO on the spot. A carrier that refuses transportation to anyperson based on a disability must provide a written statement to that personwithin 10 calendar days, stating the basis for the refusal.The statement must include, whereapplicable, the basis for the carrier’s opinion that transporting the personcould be harmful to the safety of the flight. If the passenger is still not satisfied, he or she may pursue DOT enforcement action. Getting Advance Information About the Aircraft Travelerswith disabilities must be provided information upon request concerningfacilities and services available to them.When feasible this information will pertain to the specific aircraftscheduled for a specific flight. Suchinformation includes: Any limitations concerning the ability of theaircraft to accommodate an individual with a disability (the carrier shallprovide this information to any passenger who states that he or she uses awheelchair for boarding, even if the passenger does not explicitly request theinformation); The location of seats (if any) with movableaisle armrests and any seats which the carrier does not make available to anindividual with a disability (e.g., exit rows); Any limitations on the availability ofstorage facilities in the cabin or in the cargo bay for mobility aids or otherequipment commonly used by an individual with a disability; Whether the aircraft has an accessible lavatory. Normally,advance information about the aircraft will be requested by phone.Any carrier that provides telephone servicefor the purpose of making reservations or offering general information mustprovide comparable services for hearing-impaired individuals, utilizingtelecommunications devices for the deaf (TDDs), or text telephones (TTs).The TTs shall be available during the samehours that the general public has access to regular phone service.The response time to answer calls on the TTline shall also be equivalent to the response time available to the generalpublic. Charges for the call, if any, shall be the same as charges made to thegeneral public. When Advance Notice Can Be Required Airlinesmay not require passengers with disabilities to provide advance notice of theirintent to travel or of their disability except as provided below.Nonetheless, letting the airline know inadvance how they can help you will generally result in a smoother trip. Carriersmay require up to 48 hours advance notice and one hour advance check-in from aperson with a disability who wishes to receive any of the following services: Transportation for an electric wheelchair onan aircraft with fewer than 60 seats; Provision by the carrier of hazardousmaterials packaging for the battery of a wheelchair or other assistive device; Accommodations for 10 or more passengers withdisabilities who travel as a group; Provision of an on-board wheelchair on anaircraft that does not have an accessible lavatory for persons who can use aninaccessible lavatory but need an on-board chair to do so. Anairline that uses a “block seating” approach to provide special seating forpassengers with disabilities is free to require 24 hours advance notice forsuch accommodations. See the “Seating”section later in this booklet. Carriersare not required to provide the following services or equipment, but shouldthey choose to provide them, they may require 48 hours advance notice and a onehour advance check-in: Medical oxygen for use on board the aircraft; Carriage of an incubator; Hook-up for a respirator to the aircraft'selectrical supply; Accommodations for a passenger who musttravel on a stretcher. Carriersmay impose reasonable, non­discriminatory charges for these optionalservices. Wherea service is required by the rule, the airline must ensure that it is providedif appropriate notice has been given and the service requested is available onthat particular flight. If a passengerdoes not meet advance notice or check-in requirements, carriers must make areasonable effort to accommodate the requested service, providing this does notdelay the flight. Ifa passenger with a disability provides the required notice but is required tofly on another carrier (for example, if the flight is cancelled), the originalcarrier must, to the maximum extent feasible, provide assistance to the secondcarrier in furnishing the accommodation requested by the individual. Itmust be recognized that even when a passenger has requested information inadvance on the accessibility features of the scheduled aircraft, carriers sometimeshave to substitute a different aircraft at the last minute for safety,mechanical or other reasons. Thesubstitute aircraft may not be as fully accessible—a condition that may prevailuntil the retirement of the last of the aircraft that were in service beforethe implementation of the Air Carrier Access rules. When Attendants Can Be Required Carriersmay require the following individuals to be accompaniedby an attendant: A person traveling on a stretcher or in anincubator (for flights where such service is offered); A person who, because of a mental disability,is unable to comprehend or respond appropriately to safety instructions fromcarrier personnel; A person with a mobility impairment so severethat the individual is unable to assist in his or her own evacuation from theaircraft; A person who has both severe hearing andsevere vision impairments which prevent him or her from receiving and acting onnecessary instructions from carrier personnel when evacuating the aircraftduring an emergency. Thecarrier and the passenger may disagree about the applicability of one of thesecriteria. In such cases, the airlinecan require the passenger to travel with an attendant, contrary to thepassenger’s assurances that he or she can travel alone. However, the carriercannot charge for the transportation of the attendant. Theairline can choose an attendant in a number of ways.It could designate an-off duty employee who happened to betraveling on the same flight to act as the attendant.The carrier or the passenger with a disability could seek avolunteer from among other passengers on the flight to act as the attendant.The carrier could provide a free ticket toan attendant of the passenger's choice for that flight segment.In the end, however, a carrier is notrequired to find or furnish an attendant. Theattendant would not be required to provide personal service to the passengerwith a disability other than to provide assistance in the event of an emergencyevacuation. This is in contrast to thecase of the passenger that usually travels accompanied by a personal attendant,who would provide the passenger whatever service he or she requests. Ifthere is not a seat available on the flight for an attendant, and as a result aperson with a disability holding a confirmed reservation is denied travel onthe flight, the passenger with a disability is eligible for denied boardingcompensation. Forpurposes of determining whether a seat is available for an attendant, theattendant shall be deemed to have checked in at the same time as the personwith the disability. Top of document At The Airport Airport Accessibility UNTIL A FEW YEARS AGO, ONLY THOSE AIRPORT facilitiesdesigned, constructed, or renovated by or for a recipient of federal funds hadto comply with federal accessibility standards.Even at federally-assisted airports, not all facilities andactivities were required to be accessible.Examples are privately-owned ground transportation and concessionsselling goods or services to the public.As a result of the Air Carrier Access rules, and the Americans withDisabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) and implementing regulations, theseprivately-owned facilities must also be made accessible. Ingeneral, airports under construction or being refurbished must comply with theADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) and other regulations governingaccessibility in accordance with a timetable established in the ADA.The ADAAGs can be found at http://www.access-board.gov/adaag/html/adaag.htm .Note in particular section 10.4,“Airports.” Thus, while there are stillmany changes to be made, the accessibility of most airports is improving.With few exceptions, the following servicesshould be available in all air carrier terminals within the next few years: Accessible parking near the terminal; Signs indicating accessible parking and theeasiest access from those spaces to the terminal; Accessible medical aid facilities andtravelers aid stations; Accessible restrooms; Accessible drinking fountains; Accessible ticketing systems at primary farecollection areas; Amplified telephones and text telephones(TTs) for use by persons with hearing and speech impairments (there must be atleast one TT in each terminal in a clearly marked accessible location); Accessible baggage check-in and retrieval areas; Jet bridges and mobile lounges that areaccessible (at airports that have such facilities); Level entry boarding ramps, lifts or othermeans of assisting an individual with a disability on and off an aircraft; Information systems using visual words,letters or symbols with lighting and color coding, and systems for providinginformation orally; Signs indicating the location of specific facilitiesand services. Moving Through the Airport Tomake travel easier for an individual with a disability, major airports will berequired to make the following services accessible under new rules being putinto effect in the next several years: Shuttle vehicles, owned or operated byairports, transporting people between parking lots and terminal buildings; People movers and moving walkways within andbetween terminals and gates. Allcarrier facilities must currently include one accessible route from an airportentrance to ticket counters, boarding locations and baggage handlingareas. These routes must minimize anyextra distance that wheelchair users must travel compared to other passengersto reach these facilities. Outbound andinbound baggage facilities must provide efficient baggage handling forindividuals with a disability, and these facilities must be designed andoperated so as to be accessible. Theremust be appropriate signs to indicate the location of accessible services. Carrierscannot restrict the movements of persons with disabilities in terminals orrequire them to remain in a holding area or other location while awaitingtransportation and other assistance. Curbside baggage check-in (available only fordomestic flights) may be helpful to passengers with a disability. Passenger Information Carriers must ensure that individuals withdisabilities, including those with vision and hearing impairments, have timelyaccess to the same information provided to other passengers,including (but notlimited to) information on: ticketing; scheduled departure times and gates; change of gate assignments; status of flight delays; schedule changes; flight check-in; checking and claiming of luggage. This information must bemade available upon request. A crewmember is not required to interrupt his or her immediate safety duties tosupply such information. A copy of the Air Carrier Access rules must be madeavailable by carriers for inspection upon request at each airport. As previously noted, any carrier that providestelephone service for the purpose of making reservations or offering generalinformation shall also provide TT service.This service for people with speech and hearing impairments must beavailable during the same hours that the general public has access to regularphone service, with equivalent response times and charges. Security Screening An individual with a disability must undergo thesame security screening as any other member of the traveling public. If an individual with a disability is able to passthrough the security system without activating it, the person shall not besubject to special screening procedures.Security personnel are free to examine an assistive device that theybelieve is capable of concealing a weapon or other prohibited item.If an individual with a disability is notable to pass through the system without activating it, the person will besubject to further screening in the same manner as any other passengeractivating the system. Security screening personnel at some airports mayemploy a hand-held device that will allow them to complete the screeningwithout having to physically search the individual.If this method is still unable to clear the individual and aphysical search becomes necessary, then at the passenger’s request, the searchmust be done in private. If the passenger requests a private screening in atimely manner, the carrier must provide it in time for the passenger to boardthe aircraft. Such private screeningswill not be required, however, to a greater extent or for any different reasonthan for other passengers. However,they may take more time. Medical Certificates A medical certificate is a written statement fromthe passenger’s physician saying that the passenger is capable of completingthe flight safely without requiring extraordinary medical care. A disability is not sufficient grounds for a carrierto request a medical certificate.Carriers shall not require passengers to present a medical certificateunless the person: Is on a stretcher or in an incubator (where such service is offered); Needs medical oxygen during flight (where such service is offered); Has a medical condition which causes thecarrier to have reasonable doubt that the individual can complete the flightsafely, without requiring extraordinary medical assistance during the flight;or Has a communicable disease or infection thathas been determined by federal public health authorities to be generallytransmittable during flight. If the medical certificateis necessitated by a communicable disease (see next section), it must say thatthe disease or infection will not be communicable to other persons during thenormal course of flight, or it shall state any conditions or precautions thatwould have to be observed to prevent transmission of the disease or infectionto others. Carriers cannot mandate separate treatment for anindividual with a disability except for reasons of safety or to prevent thespread of a communicable disease or infection. Communicable Diseases As part of their responsibility to their passengers,air carriers try to prevent the spread of infection or a communicable diseaseon board an aircraft. If a person whoseeks passage has an infection or disease that would be transmittable duringthe normal course of a flight, and that has been deemed so by a federal publichealth authority knowledgeable about the disease or infection, then the carriermay: Refuse to provide transportation to the person; Require the person to provide a medical certificatestating that the disease at its current stage would not be transmittable duringthe normal course of flight, or describing measures which would preventtransmission during flight; Impose on the person a condition orrequirement not imposed on other passengers (e.g., wearing a mask). If the individual has acontagious disease but presents a medical certificate describing conditions orprecautions that would prevent the transmission of the disease during theflight, the carrier shall provide transportation unless it is not feasible toact upon the conditions set forth in the certificate to prevent transmission ofthe disease. Top of document Getting On And Off The Plane The Safety Briefing FAA REGULATIONS REQUIRE THAT carrierpersonnel provide a safety briefing toall passengers before takeoff. Thisbriefing is for the passengers’ own safety and is intended for that purposeonly. Carrier personnel may offer an individual briefingto a person whose disability precludeshim or her from receiving the information presented in the generalbriefing. The individual briefing mustbe provided as inconspicuously and discretely as possible.Most carriers choose to offer this briefingbefore other passengers board the flight if the passenger with a disabilitychooses to pre-board the flight. Acarrier can present the special briefing at any time before takeoff that doesnot interfere with other safety duties. Carriers may not ‘quiz’ the individual about thematerial presented in the briefing, except to the same degree they quiz allpassengers about the general briefing.A carrier cannot take any adverse action against the passenger on thebasis that, in the carrier’s opinion, the passenger did not understand thesafety briefing. Safety briefings presented to passengers on videoscreens must have an open caption or an insert for a sign language interpreter,unless this would interfere with the video or would not be large enough to beseen. This requirement takes effect asold videos are replaced in the normal course of business. Handling of Mobility Aids and Assistive Devices To the extent consistent with various FAA safetyregulations, passengers may bring on board and use ventilators and respirators,powered by non-spillable batteries.Assistive devices brought into the cabin by an individual with adisability shall not count toward a limit on carry-on items. Persons using canes and other assistive devices maystow these items on board the aircraft, consistent with safety regulations.Carriers shall permit passengers to stow wheelchairs or component parts of amobility device under seats, or in overhead compartments. Carriers must permit one folding wheelchair to bestowed in a cabin closet, or other approved priority storage area, if theaircraft has such areas and stowage can be accomplished in accordance with FAAsafety regulations. If the passengerusing it pre-boards, stowage of the wheelchair takes priority over the carry-onitems brought on by other passengers enplaning at the same airport (includingpassengers in another cabin, such as First Class), but not over items ofpassengers who boarded at previous stops. When stowed in the cargo compartment, wheelchairsand other assistive devices must be given priority over cargo and baggage, andmust be among the first items unloaded.Mobility aids shall be returned to the owner as close as possible to thedoor of the aircraft (consistent with DOT hazardous materials regulations) orat the baggage claim area, in accordance with whatever request was made by thepassenger before boarding. If the priority storage accorded to mobility aidsprevents another passenger’s baggage from being carried, the carrier shall makeits best efforts to ensure the other baggage arrives within four hours. On certain aircraft, some assistive devices willhave to be disassembled in order to be transported (e.g., electric wheelchairs,other devices too large to fit in the cabin or in the cargo hold in onepiece). When assistive devices aredisassembled, carriers are obligated to return them to passengers in thecondition that the carrier received them (e.g., assembled). Carriersmust transport battery-powered wheelchairs, except where cargo compartment sizeor aircraft airworthiness considerations do not permit doing so.Electric wheelchairs must be treated inaccordance with both DOT regulations for handling hazardous materials, and DOTAir Carrier Access regulations, which differentiate between spillable andnon-spillable batteries: Spillable Batteries. If the chair is poweredby a spillable battery, the battery must be removed unless the wheelchair canbe loaded, stored, secured, and unloaded always in an upright position.When it is possible to load, store, secure,and unload with the wheelchair always in an upright position and the battery issecurely attached to the wheelchair, the carrier may not remove the batteryfrom the chair. Nonspillable Batteries . It is never necessaryunder the DOT hazardous materials regulations to remove a battery that ismarked as nonspillable from a wheelchair before stowing it.DOT issued rules that require newnon-spillable batteries to be marked as such effective September 1995. The carrier may remove a battery that is not marked as nonspillable from themobility aid if it cannot be loaded, stored, secured and unloaded always in anupright position. An across-the-boardassumption that all batteries are spillable is not consistent with the AirCarrier Access rules. A nonspillable battery may be removed where it appears to be damaged and leakageof battery fluid is possible. Other provisions concerning electric wheelchairs: The battery of a wheelchair may not be drained. When DOT hazardous materials regulationsrequire detaching the battery from the wheelchair, the carrier shall uponrequest provide packaging for the battery that will meet safety requirements. Carriers may not charge for packagingwheelchair batteries. Carriers may require passengers with electricwheelchairs to check in one hour before flight time. If a passenger checks in less than one hourbefore flight time, the carrier shall make a reasonable effort to carry his orher wheelchair unless this would delay the flight. Carriers must allow passengers to providewritten instructions concerning the disassembly and assembly of theirwheelchairs. Carriers may not require apassenger with a disability to sign a waiver of liability for damage or loss ofwheelchairs or other assistive devices.The carrier may make note of any pre-existing defect to the device. On domestic trips, airlines are permitted to limittheir liability for loss, damage or delay to checked baggage to $2,500 perpassenger. This limit does not apply towheelchairs or other assistive devices, however. When an assistive device is lost or destroyed on a domestic trip,the criterion for calculating the compensation is the original purchase priceof the device. This expanded liability for assistive devices doesnot extend to international trips, where the Warsaw Convention applies.For most international trips (including thedomestic portions of an international trip) the current liability isapproximately $9.07 per pound for checked baggage and $400 per passenger forunchecked baggage, including assistive devices. [1] Boarding and Deplaning Properly trained service personnel who areknowledgeable on how to assist individuals with a disability in boarding andexiting must be available if needed.Equipment used for assisting passengers must be kept in good workingcondition. Boarding and exiting most medium and large-size jet aircraft is almost always by way of level boarding ramps or mobile lounges, which must be accessible. If ramps or mobile lounges are not used, then on most flights using aircraft with 19 or more seats a lifting device (other than a device used for freight) must be provided to assist persons with limited mobility safely on and off the aircraft. On flights on smaller aircraft, passengers with mobility impairments are generally carried up and down the aircraft’s boarding stairs using a "boarding chair." Airlines are not permitted to hand-carry passengers on and off aircraft, i.e., to directly pick a passenger’s body in the arms of airline personnel. In order to provide some personal assistance andextra time, the air carrier may offer a passenger with a disability, or anypassenger that may be in need of assistance, the opportunity to pre-board theaircraft. The passenger has the optionto accept or decline the offer. On connecting flights, the delivering carrier isresponsible for providing assistance to the individual with a disability inreaching his or her connecting flight. Carriers cannot leave a pas­senger unattended formore than 30 minutes in a ground wheelchair, boarding chair, or other device inwhich the passenger is not independently mobile. Top of document On The Plane Aircraft Accessibility PRIOR TO THE ENACTMENT OF THE AIR CarrierAccess Act of 1986, accessibility requirements for aircraft were verylimited. The rules implementing thatlaw require that new aircraft delivered after April 1992 have the followingaccessibility features: For aircraft with 30 or more passenger seats: At least one half of the armrests on aisle seats shall be movable to facilitate transferring passengers from on‑board wheelchairs to the aisle seat; Carriers shall establish procedures to ensure that individuals with disabilities can readily obtain seating in rows with movable aisle armrests; An aisle seat is not required to have a movable armrest if not feasible or if a person with a disability would be precluded from sitting there by FAA safety rules (e.g., an exit row). For aircraft with 100 or more seats: Priority space in the cabin shall be provided for stowage of at least one passenger’s folding wheelchair. (This rule also applies to aircraft of smaller size, if there is a closet large enough to accommodate a folding wheelchair.) For aircraft with more than one aisle: At least one accessible lavatory (with door locks, call buttons, grab bars, and lever faucets) shall be available which will have sufficient room to allow a passenger using an on-board wheelchair to enter, maneuver, and use the facilities with the same degree of privacy as other passengers. Aircraft with more than 60 seats must have anoperable on-board wheelchair if There is an accessible lavatory, or A passenger provides advance notice that he or she can use an inaccessible lavatory but needs an on-board chair to reach it, even if the aircraft predated the rule and has not been refurbished (see below). An aircraft delivered beforeApril 1992 does not have to be made accessible until its interior isrefurbished. At that time the relevantaccessibility features shall be added. Airplanes in the commercial fleet have their seatsreplaced under different schedules depending on the carrier.At the time when all seats are beingreplaced on an aircraft with 30 or more passenger seats,half of the aisle seatsmust be equipped with movable aisle armrests.This shall be done on smaller aircraft to the extent it is not inconsistentwith structural, weight, balance, operational or interior configurationlimitations. Similarly, all aircraft undergoing replacement ofcabin interior elements or lavatories must meet the accessibility requirementsfor the affected features, including cabin storage space for a folding wheelchair,and an on-board wheelchair if there is an accessible lavatory (unlessprohibited by structural, weight, balance, or configuration limitations). Seat Assignments An individual with a disability cannot be requiredto sit in a particular seat or be excluded from any seat, exceptas provided by FAA safety rules, such as theFAA Exit Row Seating rule. For safetyreasons, that rule limits seating in exit rows to those persons with the mostpotential to be able to operate the emergency exit and help in an aircraftevacuation. The carrier cannot denytransport, but may deny specific seats to travelers who are less than age 15 orlack the capacity to act without an adult, or who lack suf­­ficient mobility,strength, dexterity, vision, hearing, speech, reading or comprehensionabilities to perform emergency evacuation functions.The carrier may also deny specific seats to persons with acondition or responsibilities, such as caring for small children, that mightprevent the person from performing emergency evacuation functions, or causeharm to themselves in doing so. A traveler with a disability may also be denied certain seats if: The passenger’s involuntary behavior is suchthat it could compromise safety of the flight and the safety problem can bemitigated to an acceptable degree by assigning the passenger a specific seatrather than refusing service; The seat desired cannot accommodate guide dogs or service animals. In each instance, carriers are obligated to offer alternative seat locations. Service Animals Carriers must permit dog guides or other serviceanimals with appropriate identification to accompany an individual with adisability on a flight. Identificationmay include cards or other documentation, presence of a harness or markings ona harness, tags, or the credible verbal assurance of the passenger using theanimal. If carriers provide special information topassengers concerning the transportation of animals outside the continentalUnited States, they must provide such information to all passengers withanimals on such flights, not simply to passengers with disabilities who aretraveling with service animals. Carriers must permit a service animal to accompany atraveler with a disability to any seat in which the person sits, unless theanimal obstructs an aisle or other area that must remain clear in order tofacilitate an emergency evacuation, in which case the passenger will beassigned another seat. In-Cabin Service Air carrier personnel shall assist a passenger with a disability to: Move to and from seats as a part of theboarding and exiting process; Open packages and identify food (assistancewith actual eating is not required); Use an on-board wheelchair when available toenable the passenger to move to and from the lavatory; Move to and from the lavatory, in the case ofa semi-ambulatory person (as long as this does not require lifting or carryingby the airline employee); Load and retrieve carry-on items, includingmobility aids and other assistive devices stowed on board the aircraft. Carrier personnel are notrequired to provide assistance inside the lavatory or at the passenger’s seatwith elimination functions. The carrierpersonnel are also not required to perform medical services for an individualwith a disability. Charges for Accommodations Prohibited Carriers cannot impose charges for providingfacilities, equipment, or services to an individual with a disability that arerequired by DOT's Air Carrier Access regulations.They may charge for optional services, however, such as oxygenand accommodation of stretchers. Personnel Training Carriers must provide training on passengers withdisabilities for all personnel who deal with the traveling public.This training shall be appropriate to theduties of each employee and will be designed to help the employee understandthe special needs of these travelers, and how they can be accommodated quickly,safely, and with dignity. The trainingmust familiarize employees with: The Department of Transportation’s rules onthe provision of air service to an individual with a disability; The carrier’s procedures for providingtransportation to persons with disabilities, including the proper and safeoperation of any equipment used to accommodate such persons; How to respond appropriately to persons withdifferent dis­abilities, including persons with mobility, sensory, mental, andemotional disabilities. Top of document Compliance Procedures EACH CARRIER MUST HAVE AT LEAST oneComplaints Resolution Official (CRO) available at each airport during times ofscheduled carrier operations. The CROcan be made available by telephone. Any passenger having a complaint of allegedviolations of the Air Carrier Access rules is entitled to communicate with aCRO, who has authority to resolve complaints on behalf of the carrier. If a CRO receives a complaint before the action ofcarrier personnel has resulted in violation of the Air Carrier Access rules,the CRO must take or direct other carrier personnel to take action to ensurecompliance with the rule. The CRO,however, does not have authority to countermand a safety-based decision made bythe pilot-in-command of an aircraft. If the CRO agrees with the passenger that aviolation of the rule occurred, he must provide the passenger a writtenstatement summarizing the facts and what steps if any, the carrier proposes totake in response to the violation. If the CRO determines that no violation hasoccurred, he must provide the passenger a written statement summarizing thefacts and reasons for the decision or conclusion. The written statement must inform the interestedparty of his or her right to pursue DOT enforcement action if the passenger isstill not satisfied with the response.If possible, the written statement by the CRO must be given to thepassenger at the airport; otherwise, it shall be sent to the passenger within10 days of the incident. Carriers shall establish a procedure for resolvingwritten complaints alleging violations of any Air Carrier Access ruleprovision. If a passenger chooses tofile a written complaint, the complaint should note whether the passengercontacted the CRO at the time of the alleged violation, including the CRO’sname and the date of contact, if available.It should include any written response received from the CRO.A carrier shall not be required to respondto a complaint postmarked more than 45 days after the date of an allegedviolation. A carrier must respond to a written complaint within30 days after receiving it. Theresponse must state the airline’s position on the alleged violation, and mayalso state whether and why no violation occurred, or what the airline plans todo about the problem. The carrier mustalso inform the passenger of his or her right to pursue DOT enforcement action. Any person believing that a carrier has violated anyprovision of the rule may contact the following office for assistance: Department of Transportation Aviation Consumer Protection Division, C-75 400 Seventh Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20590 E-mail: airconsumer@ost.dot.gov [1] As with any passengerbaggage, this limit may be increased through Excess Valuation coveragepurchased through the individual airline.The passenger should also check his or her homeowners or rentersinsurance to determine whether it provides additional coverage. Organization & Functions | Air Travel Problems/Complaints | Air Travel Consumer Report | Rules & Guidelines Travel Tips & Publications | Airline Customer Service Plans | Service Cessations | Safety/Security Information Additional information may be obtained by contacting airconsumer@ost.dot.gov . Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings 400 Seventh Street, SW, Room 4107 Washington, DC 20590 http://airconsumer.ost.dot.gov