air travel with infants














Holiday air travel with infants: Ensuring a smooth ride - MayoClinic.com Holiday air travel with infants: Ensuring a smooth ride Q. My husband and I will be flying home for the holidays with our 6-month old son. How can we make the long flight easier for him and for us? No name / No state A. It's normal for parents to feel nervous about how their little ones will do on long flights. But air travel with infants doesn't have to be a nerve-wracking experience. Here are some tips for ensuring a smooth ride for you, your child and other passengers: Check your seat assignment well before the flight to make sure that you have been assigned the seat you had requested. Avoid emergency exit seating. Consider requesting a bassinet seat for your infant, if your airline offers them. Dress your infant in loose, comfortable clothing that can be easily changed if needed. Don't swaddle your infant in excessively warm clothes that may be potentially uncomfortable. Avoid overfeeding your infant to pacify him on the flight. This can lead to an upset stomach. A pacifier may used instead of a bottle for getting your baby to swallow during assent and descent. To help your child sleep on the flight, take along his blanket, pacifier, book or nonmusical toy — items that normally help calm him at home. When putting your child to sleep on the flight, try to follow your regular routine. If you typically rock, hold or pat your son prior to being placed in the crib, do the same during the flight. To prevent ear pain during the flight, you may consider giving your child an age-appropriate dose of acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others). Your doctor may also prescribe ear pain relief drops, which you can give your infant before takeoff and again before landing. Remember that children — even infants — can sense your nervousness and tension. The more relaxed you are, the more likely your child can relax and enjoy the flight. Also, don't hesitate to ask the flight attendants for assistance, such as with warming a bottle or helping you with the changing table in the restroom. MORE ON THIS TOPIC Air travel with infant: Is it safe? Crying baby? How to keep your cool RELATED Articles Teething: Tips for soothing sore gums Newborn care: Common-sense strategies for stressed-out parents Pacifiers: Are they good for your baby? Ask a Specialist Air travel with infant: Is it safe? Sudden infant death syndrome: New guidelines for prevention Failure to thrive: When your baby isn't growing normally Centers Healthy Baby Center MayoClinic.com Bookstore 'Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy' (Softcover) ARTICLE TOOLS Print Larger type more information By Mayo Clinic Staff Dec 21, 2005 © 1998-2005 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). All rights reserved.  A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.com," "Mayo Clinic Health Information," "Reliable information for a healthier life" and the triple-shield Mayo logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.  AN01248 About this site · Site help · Contact us · e-Newsletter · Site map Privacy policy updated Oct 7, 2005 Terms and conditions of use updated Jun 3, 2004 LEGAL CONDITIONS AND TERMS OF USE APPLICABLE TO ALL USERS OF THIS SITE. ANY USE OF THIS SITE CONSTITUTES YOUR AGREEMENT TO THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF USE. © 1998-2005 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. All rights reserved. Mayo Clinic Medical Services | MayoClinic.com Bookstore Diseases & Conditions Drugs & Supplements Treatment Decisions Healthy Living Ask a Specialist Health Tools Home Log in Register now ASK A CHILDREN'S HEALTH SPECIALIST Advertising and sponsorship policy Dec 28, 2005



Golf Vacations Simply find

Hawaii Discount Vacation - Swift Golf Vacations Sign Up For SwiftMail View Previously Saved Itinerary Reserving the perfect Hawaii discount vacation is easy with Swift Golf Vacations Simply find the place you want to have your dream Hawaii discount vacation. Use the links at the right to browse various golfing destinations. Once you pick the place, we'll help you choose tee times, lodging and vehicles - all the elements necessary for your perfect Hawaii golf vacation. There's no commitment until you have everything just right. For real simplicity, choose one of our outstanding Hawaii discount vacation packages at the far right. Easy and fun in one perfectly planned package! Call To Make Reservations: 1-800-577-3787 See All Available Destinations Golf the lush tropical courses of Hawaii Experience the variety of golf in the Southwest Challenge the courses of the East Coast Try golf northern style - Canada golf courses Enjoy the sun-drenched Caribbean golf courses See All Available Destinations View All Pre-Packaged Hawaii Discount Vacation Specials! California - Monterey Pebble Beach Special 4 Days and 3 Nights 2 Golf Rounds From $2,500 per person - SAVE MORE THAN $300 ! View All Pre-Packaged Hawaii Discount Vacation Specials! If you would like to speak to a Golf Vacation Consultant regarding your golf package to Hawaii, please call toll free 1-800-577-3787, or email Customer Support contact us terms privacy frequently asked questions Swift Golf Vacations is committed to bringing you the very best in golf vacation packages ©2005 Swift Golf Vacations. All Rights Reserved. Home | Browse Destinations | Vacation Specials | Group Travel | Partners | About Us | Site Map



Cruise Vacations, Small Ship

Cruise Vacations, Cruise Lines, Small Ship Cruises, Luxury Cruise Ships, Cruise Booking Cruise Vacations, Luxury Cruise Lines, Small Ship Cruises, Cruise Ships, Barge Cruises Cruise Vacations, Small Ship Cruises, Luxury Cruise Lines, Luxury Cruises Guide Cruise Vacation Specialists: Virtuoso Cruise Consultants Cruise vacations: Call 1 800 330 8820 to book now. Open every day! Cruise Destinations Cruise Specials!! 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Cruise Vacations, Luxury Cruise Lines, Small Ship Cruises, Cruise Ships, River Barge Cruises Why Should You Use our Virtuoso Luxury Vacation, Travel and Cruise Specialists ? We are Virtuoso, "Specialists in the Art of Travel". Described by Conde Nast Traveler as "one of the finest agencies...a reliable indicator of experience, knowledge, and industry clout." We are recommended by the Discovery Travel Channel, the Today Show, Conde Nast Traveler, Forbes Magazine, ESPN TV, Fine Living TV, Neiman Marcus Awards Program and The Wall Street Journal. Our Virtuoso Cruise Specialists offer exclusive insider connections and industry expertise on luxury vacations- along with the guidance and know-how you require to make educated travel choices. We are very innovative, add valuable solutions that consistently exceed our customers expectations and strive to always provide the ultimate travel experience. We are one of the most successful, and highly recommended luxury cruise companies in the world. Our phenomenal success is due to our forging personal relationships based on trust and integrity with our customers. We are Virtuoso luxury cruise planning experts that specialize in connecting you to the worlds best cruise destinations - in the best ways possible. Our luxury cruise specialists take the time to get to know you so that your personal vacation dreams become reality. Our renowned Master Cruise Consultants are extremely knowledgeable, with over fifteen to twenty years of industry experience in the luxury cruise business. They are experts in the art of cruising, will serve as your advocate and will always available to you. 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You get a lot more than you pay for with us---like free shore excursions, free upgrades, past passenger rates, even pre and post hotel packages, business or first class air discounts, including outstanding amenities such as complimentary upgrades, privileged access opportunities and private events at many top international and domestic destinations. You will get unsurpassed value in the world of upscale travel. Our Virtuoso Master Cruise Consultants start with the best price on over 400 luxury cruise departures. Then we add nights in five-star resorts; dinner at Michelin-starred restaurants; private tours and great parties. All with the compliments of Voyager Club, by Virtuoso. We can also arrange private shore excursions in any port around the world, for just the two of you. Ask about our Voyager Club Sailings in our extensive inventory of luxury cruise vacations. 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We are recommended, authorized Virtuoso Cruise Travel Consultants, and will arrange every little detail to make sure you have a wonderful, carefree vacation experience at no extra charge! You may call our Cruise Travel Consultants, but first--- we'd really appreciate it if you complete our "Cruise Vacation Planner" so we have all your requirements beforehand and are prepared to present you with all your options and up-to-the-minute specials. Thank you very much! Call 1- 800 -330 -8820 to book your Cruise vacation. For Luxury Vacations: "Submit a Luxury Vacation Planner" For Luxury Tours: "Submit a Tour Planner" After you've completed your vacation planner you may call 1- 800 -330 -8820 to book your luxury vacation. Thank you very much! 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We have packages to such locations as China, Australia, Israel, the Far East, South America, India, Europe, Scandinavia and South Africa. Travel to the destination of your dreams! Our vacation packages feature first class and deluxe hotels and cruise ships, many meals, extensive, comprehensive touring that includes the places you really want to see, and our discount travel packages are priced as amazing deals that save you literally hundreds of dollars per person. Whether you chose a cruise vacation or an exotic vacation, we have a vacation package that will be perfect for you. When you book a vacation package with Friendly Planet, there is never any need to worry about the quality of the vacation. Although our prices cannot be beat, we ensure that your vacation is of the highest quality every step of the way. From big name airlines, to deluxe accommodations and touring busses you will always be traveling in comfort. 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Member, Better Business Bureau Online Reliability Program Click here for report Member, American Society of Travel Agents Endorsed by International Airlines Travel Agent Network Reviewed by Dunn & Bradstreet Amazing Thailand Amsterdam Express Athens & Greek Islands Cruise Athens Express Australia, New Zealand & Tahiti Beijing & Shanghai Express Best of the Orient plus Bali Borneo Adventure Budapest, Vienna & Prague Buenos Aires & Rio Express China & Yangtze River Cruise Cruise of the Russian Czars Danube Discovery Cruise Discover Japan Great Cities of Eastern Europe Holy Land Express India & Nepal India Express Istanbul & Athens: Sale of 2 Cities Istanbul Express Jerusalem Express Jewels of the Adriatic Kenya Wildlife Safari Mediterranean Magica Cruise New Zealand, Tahiti & Moorea Peru, Ecuador & The Galapagos Pyramids and Nile Cruise Pyramids Express Scandinavia & St. Petersburg South African Explorer & Safari South America Odyssey Sydney Express plus Tahiti Taipei Express Taj Mahal Express Ukraine River Cruise & Black Sea Very Affordable Russia Vietnam, Angkor Wat & Bangkok Region: -- all regions -- Africa Asia Australia & South Pacific Central & South America Europe Middle East Country: -- all countries -- Duration: -- any length -- Up to 8 days 9 - 12 days 13 - 16 days 17 days or more Budget: -- any budget -- Up to $1000 Up to $2000 Up to $3000 Up to $4000 Month: -- anytime -- January February March April May June July August September October November December Click here for more information about our tours to Israel and the Bible Lands. 800.555.5765 / Fax 215.572.9803 Home | About Us | Hotels | Cruise Ships | FAQs | Contact Us | Site Map National Tourism Boards | Resources & Links * Some tour prices reflect early booking discount on select dates. Though we do our best to provide accurate and up-to-date information on our site about our tours, sometimes oversights and typographical errors can occur. Please confirm all tour prices and details with us via email or phone prior to booking. We will not be held responsible for misunderstandings arising from such errors.



Russia Travel Guide Overview

Russia Travel Tips and Advice | iExplore.com FORBES' #1 ADVENTURE TRAVEL SITE 5 YEARS IN A ROW — TIME MAGAZINE TOP 50 Keyword Search: -- Home Trip Finder Travel Guides Community Special Offers Store My iExplore advertisement -- Home Travel Guides Europe Russia Do's and Don'ts Russia Travel Guide Overview Tours Where to Go Activities General Info History Weather Travel Tips Dining Shopping Visa & Health View Trips to Russia Europe Overview Browse Russia Photos Russia Questions and Answers Read Russia Journals Find a Russia Travel Buddy Russia Travel Tips & Advice Social Conventions It is customary to shake hands when greeting someone. Company or business gifts are well received. Each region has its own characteristic mode of dress. Conservative wear is suitable for most places and the seasonal weather should always be borne in mind. Smoking is acceptable unless stated otherwise. Avoid ostentatious displays of wealth; it is advisable to keep expensive jewelry, watches and cameras out of sight and take precautions against pickpocketing. Tipping Hotels in Moscow and other large cities include a 10 to 15 per cent service charge. Otherwise 10 per cent is customary. International Travel: Travel warning Because of the security situation in the North Caucasus, it is strongly advised not to travel to Chechyna, Ingushetia, Dagestan, North Ossetia, Karachai-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria (including the Elbrus area) and to the eastern and southern parts of Stavropol Krai, particularly where it borders Chechnya and North Ossetia. Chechen militants have threatened further violence in response to the killing of their rebel leader, Aslan Maskhador, on March 8 2005. It is advised that potential travelers monitor this situation. There is a high threat from domestic terrorism in Russia, including suicide bombings in public places. Air The national airline is Aeroflot – Russian International Airlines (SU) (website: www.aeroflot.com ). Other airlines serving the Russian Federation include Air France , Austrian Airlines , British Airways , Czech Airlines , El Al , Finnair , Lufthansa and SAS Scandinavian Airlines . Approximate flight times From Moscow or St Petersburg to London is three hours 45 minutes. From Moscow to Almaty is four hours 40 minutes, to Baku is three hours 10 minutes, to Bukhara is three hours 40 minutes, to Kiev is one hour 45 minutes, to Minsk is one hour 20 minutes, to Odessa is two hours, to Samarkand is three hours 50 minutes and to Yerevan is two hours 50 minutes. International airports Moscow (SVO) (Sheremetyevo) (website: www.sheremetyevo-airport.ru ) is 35km (22 miles) northwest of the city. Taxis are available at the airport to the city center for approximately US$10-15 (travel time – 30 to 40 minutes). ‘Autoline’ fixed-route taxis and buses are also available. Express coaches depart for the city every 20 minutes (0545-0030). Coaches depart for the airport from the Central Air Terminal in Moscow, 37 Leningradsky Prospekt (travel time – 50 minutes for international flights). Express trains leave every 30 minutes. Airport facilities include outgoing duty free shops, banks/bureaux de change, post office, car hire, restaurants and first aid. Moscow also has three primarily domestic airports: see Travel – Internal section. St Petersburg (LED) (Pulkovo) is 17km (10.5 miles) south of the city. Buses are available to the city center 0700-2000 every 10 minutes (travel time – 10 minutes). Taxis are available for roughly US$10 (travel time – 15 minutes). Airport facilities include banks/bureaux de change, flight information, duty free shops, restaurant, bar, snack bar, left luggage and first aid. Departure tax None. Rail There are various connections from London. The sleeper coach to Moscow takes about 53 hours. The main route is: London–Brussels–Cologne/Berlin–Moscow. The journey from London to Brussels can be made by a variety of train and ferry services (including via Eurostar ), or via the Channel Tunnel. Services from Brussels are daily. There are through trains or coaches from other Western and Eastern European cities, from CIS countries, and from China (PR), Iran, Mongolia and Turkey. See also Trans-Siberian Express in the Travel – Internal section. Road Foreign tourists may drive their own cars or may hire cars (see Travel – Internal ). The speed limit is 60kmph on minor roads, 90kmph on major roads and variable on highways. A road tax is payable upon entry to the country. The following crossing points between Finland and the Russian Federation are available: Vaalima–Torfianovska; Nuijamaa–Brusnichnoye and Rajajooseppi–Lotta. There are also crossing points between the Russian Federation and all neighboring countries although, at present, there are restrictions on cross-border travel to Azerbaijan and Georgia. Plans to simplify this process are currently underway. Those entering by car should have their visas registered at the hotel, motel or campsite where they will stay for the first night, and must also ensure that the car registration number is recorded in the visa. Travelers should also insure their vehicle with Ingosstrakh , which has offices at all crossing points and in most major cities, and to purchase service coupons at the border. Although motorcyclists can enter the Russian Federation, cyclists wishing to cross the Russian border should find out whether this is permissible from the Russian Embassy or their travel agent before departure. Eurolines , departing from Victoria Coach Station in London, serves destinations in the Russian Federation. For further information, contact Eurolines (tel: (08705) 143 219; e-mail: welcome@eurolines.co.uk ; website: www.eurolines.co.uk ). Duty free regulations are liable to change at short notice. The following should be used as a guide only, and travelers are advised to contact the Embassy or Consulate for up-to-date information. The following goods may be imported into the Russian Federation by persons of 16 years of age or older without incurring customs duty: 1000 cigarettes or 1kg of tobacco products ; 1 . 5l of spirits and 2l of wine ; a reasonable quantity of perfume for personal use ; gifts up to the value of US$10,000 . Note On entering the country, tourists must complete a customs declaration form which must be retained until departure. This allows the import of articles intended for personal use, including currency and valuables which must be registered on the declaration form. Cameras, jewelry, computers and musical instruments should all be declared. Customs inspection can be long and detailed. It is advisable when shopping to ask for a certificate from the shop which states that goods have been paid for in hard currency. Presentation of such certificates should speed up customs formalities. Prohibited imports Photographs and printed matter directed against the Russian Federation, weapons and ammunition, narcotics, fruit, vegetables and live animals unless with a special permit. Prohibited exports Arms, works of art and antiques (unless permission has been granted by the Ministry of Culture), precious metals and furs. Note Up to 280g of caviar per person may be exported, provided a receipt is shown proving that it was bought at a store licensed to sell it to foreigners. Internal Travel: Air The internal network radiates from Moscow’s four airports. Aeroflot runs services from Moscow to most major cities. All-inclusive tours are available from specialist tour operators. Note: In the 1990s, Aeroflot was broken up into many small airlines which led to a catalog of air disasters earning it a reputation for poor safety. Thankfully, its safety record has improved in recent years. Domestic airports Vnukovo Airport (VKO) is 29.5km (18 miles) southwest of Moscow. Coaches go to the airport from the Central Air Terminal (travel time – one hour 15 minutes). Outgoing duty free facilities are available at the airport. Taxis are available to the city. Domodedovo (DME) is 48km (25 miles) southeast of Moscow. A coach goes from the Central Air Terminal to the airport (travel time – one hour 20 minutes). Bykovo Airport (BKA) is the smallest of Moscow’s airports, 35km from the city. Coaches go to the airport from the Central Air Terminal. Approximate flight times From Moscow to Bratsk is six hours 45 minutes, to Donetsk is one hour 30 minutes, to Irkutsk is seven hours, to Khabarovsk is seven hours 30 minutes, to Kharkov is one hour 15 minutes, to St Petersburg is one hour 30 minutes, to Volgograd is one hour 50 minutes and to Yalta is two hours 15 minutes. Sea Owing to its geographical position, the Russian Federation has ports on its Pacific and Baltic shores and in the south on the Black Sea. The most important eastern ports are Vladivostok, Magadan, Nakhodka and Petropavlovsk; the most important western ports are St Petersburg and Kaliningrad on the Baltic. The only links to the Atlantic are the ports of Murmansk on the Kola peninsula, which never freezes over and Archangelisk. Major harbors on the Black Sea are Novorossiysk and Sochi. There are plans to build an extension to the St Petersburg harbor at Ust-Luga. Upgrading of facilities at Kaliningrad and Vyborg is also planned. Sea cruises on the Black Sea and the Baltic are popular. River Cruises and excursions are available on the Amur, Don, Irtysh, Lena, Ob, Volga and Yenisey rivers. Many companies offer cruises on board comfortable, modern boats. The Volga towns, the Golden Ring and Moscow–St Petersburg are popular routes. Rail The 87,079km (54,109 miles) of track are a vital part of the infrastructure because of the poor road system. The largest and busiest rail network in the world is predominantly for freight traffic. Only a few long-distance routes are open for travel by tourists, and reservations must be made on all journeys. Children under five years of age travel free. Children aged five to nine pay half fare. Rail travelers are advised to store valuables in the compartment under the bed or seat and not to leave the compartment unattended. The Trans-Siberian Express , probably the most famous train in the world, is one of the best ways of seeing the interior of the country. It runs from Moscow to the Pacific coast of Siberia and on to Japan. There is a daily service, but the steamer from Nakhodka to Yokohama only sails approximately once a week. The through journey from Moscow to Yokohama takes 10 days. It is the world’s longest continuous train journey, crossing seven time zones and 9745km (5778 miles) from Europe to the Pacific, with 91 stops from Vladivostok to Moscow. Bed linen and towels are provided in the ‘Soft Class’ (first-class) berths, and there is a toilet and washbasin at the end of each carriage. Attendants serve tea from samovars for a small charge and there is a restaurant car on every train where meals can be purchased (however, no alcohol is available on the train, so passengers are advised to bring their own if desired). The Trans-Manchurian Express follows the same route, before heading southeast into China and down to Beijing. Another, slightly shorter but no less epic journey can be made on the Trans-Mongolian Railway to Beijing. It runs from Moscow to Irkutsk (Siberia), skirting Lake Baikal and then entering Mongolia. The journey to the Mongolian capital, Ulaan Baatar, is remarkable for its dramatic scenery. The journey concludes in Beijing. Road The European part of the Russian Federation depends heavily on its road network, which totals 552,000km (343,000 miles) throughout the Federation. Generally, the few roads in Siberia and further east are impassable during the winter. It is a good idea to arrange motoring holidays through a reputable agency. It is also advisable to pre-plan the itinerary and accommodation requirements. On the majority of tourist routes, signposts are also written in the Latin alphabet. Travelers can take their own car (see Travel – International ) or hire a vehicle; tariffs include the cost of insurance. Chauffeured cars are available in major cities. Sample distances: Moscow to St Petersburg: 692km (432 miles); Moscow to Minsk: 690km (429 miles); Moscow to Rostov-on-Don: 1198km (744 miles); Moscow to Odessa: 1347km (837 miles). Bus: Long-distance coach services have only recently become open to foreigners. They are a great way of seeing the country but patience is a necessity and getting lost is commonplace. Traffic regulations: Traffic drives on the right. Speeds are limited to 60kph (37mph) in built-up areas and 90kph (55mph) elsewhere. Hooting the horn is forbidden except when to do so might prevent an accident. Motorists should avoid driving at night if possible. It is forbidden to carry unauthorized passengers or pick up hitch-hikers. Driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol is forbidden. Every car must display registration plates and stickers denoting the country of registration and be fitted with seat belts, a first-aid kit, a fire extinguisher and an emergency sign (triangle) or red light. In case of an accident, contact the nearest traffic inspection officer and make sure all participants fill in written statements, to be witnessed by a militia inspector. All repairs will be at the foreign motorist’s expense. Documentation: An International Driving Permit and a national license with authorized translations are necessary. Visitors traveling in their own cars must also possess the following documents at all tmes: passport and visa; itinerary card bearing visitor’s name and citizenship, car registration number and full details of itinerary presented upon entry to the Russian Federation relating to the route to be taken and the date and place of stopovers; form provided by Customs on arrival guaranteeing that the car will be taken out of the Russian Federation on departure; petrol vouchers purchased at the border; and insurance cover documents. A road tax is payable upon entry to the country (see end of Travel – International ). Motor insurance for travel within the Russian Federation should be arranged prior to departure, or upon entry to the Russian Federation at the offices of Ingosstrakh , the Russian Federation foreign insurance agency. Contact the Embassy or a specialist tour operator for further details. Urban Public transport in the cities is comprehensive and cheap. Many services are electric traction (metro, tramway, trolleybus). Stations on the Moscow and St Petersburg metros are always elegant and often palatial. Entry to the underground is by tokens, which are inserted into the ticket barrier. Fares are standard for the various forms of transport. Taxis are also available; they can be hailed in the street, hired at a rank or booked by telephone. It is safer to use officially marked taxis, which should not be shared with strangers. Travel Times The following chart gives approximate travel times (in hours and minutes) from Moscow to other major cities/towns in the Russian Federation: Air Rail Sea Khabarovsk 7.30 - - St Petersburg 1.30 9.00 - Irkutsk 7.00 88.00 - Nakhodka - - 141.00 Volgograd 1.30 - - Sponsored Listings ( Add your listing ) advertisement Advertisement -- advertisement Why iExplore? About Us Advertise Site Map Privacy Policy Travel Agents Contact Us © 2005 Adventure Travel with iExplore --




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