Spain Travel

spain guide, spain travel and business directory Work at home Finance Hotels Travel Telecom Webhosting Business Shopping Webmaster Keyword links Business Buy leads Contacts Companies Company profiles Find supplier Importers Link partners Made in EU Made in USA Portals Product news Tradefairs What's new Countries Africa Americas Asia Europe Other Computer Computer Downloads Flightsimulator Games Memory Monitors Motherboards Notebooks Pda Printers Processors Scanners Security Software Toner Finance Commodities Day trading Debt Ecommerce Insurance Loans Mortgage Offshore bank Venture capital Hotelguide Amsterdam Antwerp Athens Barcelona Berlin Bern Budapest Copenhagen Frankfurt Helsinki Istanbul London Los Angeles Madrid Miami Milan Monaco Nice Rome San Diego San Francisco More... Travel Airlines Airports Cruises Hotels Restaurants Scuba diving Travel dest. Asia Africa Caribbean Central America Europe Middle East North America South America Oceania Various Dating Diets Digital camera Divx movies Education Fishing Fonts Health Jobs Kids Movies Real estate Shopping Skiing Sports Supplements Telecom Translators Webmaster Domain names Ecommerce Free resources Shoppingcarts Webdesign Webhosting New sites Fonteine.com Pastfood RealEstate linker zzz More topics..... -- Home Links Keywords Importers Buyleads Membership Contact us Web B izeurope.com Spain Importers / distributors Spain (members only) Laboratorios Raga - Spain - [Cosmetics] We produce and export cosmetics worldwide. We may make to thirds since a minimum quantity of 100 units per batch. We have very competitive prices and we accomplish very high quality standards. Lebo SA - Spain - [auto] Manufacturer of car care products, air fresheners and insecticides since 1968. We are the suppliers of the most important department stores and auto centres. ISO 9001 certified company. Please visit our site for further info. Urza Arrain Sl - Spain - [Seafood] We are sole agents of a fishing company from Senegal in exclusive, we commercialize all kind of seafood and shellfish from this country. We fit to all kind of specifications either size or packages that our customers demand. We mainly do economical fishes (Horse Mackerel, Mackerel, Sarkinella, brotule, Red Mullet, Yellow Fin, Tuna Bigeye etc.)We have also an export department which works specially with economical meat (offals, fat,and any other kind of cut). Vallelar - Spain - [Consulting] VALLELAR is a young, dynamic and professional Spanish firm. Specializing in foreign trade, it has two divisions - VALLELAR EXPORT and VALLELAR IMPORT. At VALLELAR EXPORT we help Spanish SMEs gain world-class stature by supporting the promotion and sale of their products on the international market. At VALLELAR IMPORT we seek Spanish importers and distributors for your products, helping you set up a sales network in the Spanish market. VALLELAR is a full-service firm. Our wide range of services includes everything from consulting and aid in the Spanish market to promoting and building your own sales network in Spain, relying on a broad-based distribution network. Smile Island SL - Spain - [Household] First and foremost, we design shower curtains. Also, we can develop complete concepts and design individual shower curtain ranges for an organisation while providing brand consultation to coordinate the look of related items carrying the organisation's graphic signature. Our shower curtains are stylish, sexy, youthful and fun products that will appeal both to the ultra hip as well as suit the busy bathroom of a young family. At the moment, we consider adding other graphic design based interior products. We look for importers and distributors with solid client bases. We like to see our products in interior, furniture and gift shops and in interior departments of retail stores amongst other brands of quality. Furthermore, suppliers to hotels, resorts, health clubs and clinics might consider our present designs or specifically themed designs as part of an offer. Recuperacion de Autopiezas S.L. - Spain - [Auto] Since 1985, Recuperacion de Autopiezas, located in Valencia, Spain is a wholesaler/dealer dedicated to; -Full line core suppliers for rebuilding industry of auto parts as starters motors, alternators, A/C Compressors, drive shafts, power and manual steerings, calipers, engines, gear boxes. -Buyers and sellers of surplus stocks of NEW or Used auto parts, mainly diesel engines and gear boxes /transmissions. -We import directly from Japan by containers engines and gear boxes, mainly for 4x4 diesel vehicles. Property for sale Spain Spanish properties and investment opportunities on the Costa del Sol, Spain Spain - city directory Spain - [Airline] Air Europa Spain - [Airline] Air Nostrum Spain - [Airline] Binter Spain - [Airline] Gestair Spain - [Airline] Heli sur Este Spain - [Airline] Iberia Spain - [Airline] Spanair Spain - [Banks] Banco de Espana Spain - [Directory] AgroLINE - Agrarian portal Spain - [Directory] All the fishing, maritime portal Spain - [Directory] Almirante Spain - [Directory] AndaluNet, el Portal de Sevilla Spain - [Directory] Artque (art portal) Spain - [Directory] Camerdata, Spanish companies Spain - [Directory] Farma.com (Pharmaceutical directory) Spain - [Directory] Fuengirola business directory Spain - [Directory] Inside Spain Spain - [Directory] Paginas Amarillas Spain - [Estate] Buy Spanish Spain - [Estate] Escape2spain Spain - [Estate] Life Espaa Spain - [Estate] SpanishEstate.com Spain - [Government] Camerdata, chamber of commerce Spain - [Government] Government of Spain Spain - [Government] King of Spain Spain - [Government] Ministry of External Affairs Spain - [Government] Ministry of Finance Spain - [Government] Senate of Spain Spain - [Government] Spanish government sites Spain - [Info] All about Spain Spain - [Info] Business in Spain Spain - [Info] Buy-Spanish Golf Directory Spain - [Info] CanadaEurope resource page Spain - [Info] Cities.com resource page Spain - [Info] Countrywatch resource page Spain - [Info] Ecanaries - Canary Islands Spain - [Info] Gibraltar Banking & Finance Spain - [Info] Gomera.com Spain - [Info] Headline sport resource page Spain - [Info] Softonic download portal Spain - [Info] Tenerife Guide Spain - [Info] Terra Spain - [Info] Townnet Resource Page Spain - [Info] Transport industry in Spain Spain - [Info] TuSpain Spain - [Info] Vilaweb Spain - [Info] Xbarcelona Spain - [Media] Abc Spain - [Media] Abyznews media links Spain - [Media] Actualidad Econmica Spain - [Media] AS Spain - [Media] Canarias 7 Spain - [Media] Cinco das Spain - [Media] Dario Mlaga Spain - [Media] Efe Spain - [Media] El Comercio Spain - [Media] El Correo Espanol Spain - [Media] El Correo Gallego Spain - [Media] El Da Spain - [Media] El Da del Mundo Spain - [Media] El Heraldo Spain - [Media] El Mundo Spain - [Media] El Pais Spain - [Media] El Peridico Spain - [Media] Expansion Spain - [Media] Gaceta de los Negocios Spain - [Media] La Estrella Digital Spain - [Media] La Razn Spain - [Media] La Revista - El Mundo Spain - [Media] La Vanguardia Spain - [Media] La Voz Spain - [Media] La Voz de Almeria Spain - [Media] La Voz de Galicia Spain - [Media] Libertad Digital Spain - [Media] Madrid Diario Spain - [Media] Spain - [Media] Hispanidad Spain - [Media] Xornal Spain - [Search] Altavista.com Spain - [Search] Apali! Spain - [Search] BIWE Spain - [Search] Biwe Spain - [Search] Biwe Spain - [Search] Buscador.com Spain - [Search] Buscapique Spain - [Search] CerCAT. El Cercador en Catal. Spain - [Search] Complete planet directory Spain - [Search] Costa del Sol search Spain - [Search] Cyler Spain - [Search] Desdeaqui.com Spain - [Search] e-listas Spain - [Search] El Buscador Spain - [Search] El Corredor Spain - [Search] El ndice Spain - [Search] EnlaWeb Spain - [Search] Enxebre.com Spain - [Search] Eureka Spain - [Search] Excite Spain - [Search] Galiciacity.com Spain - [Search] Godado Spain - [Search] Guiacom Spain - [Search] Hispavista Spain - [Search] HispaVista Spain - [Search] Ibiza Yatoo! (Ibiza) Spain - [Search] IpoNet Spain - [Search] Jopinet Spain - [Search] Kaixo Spain - [Search] Km0 Spain - [Search] La Isla virtual Spain - [Search] Lycos Spain Spain - [Search] Lycos spain Spain - [Search] Madeira Online Spain - [Search] MallorcaVista Spain - [Search] Mallorcaweb Spain - [Search] Merlin Spain - [Search] Metabusca Spain - [Search] MIBI Spain - [Search] Msn Spain Spain - [Search] Navegalia Spain - [Search] Nosaltres Spain - [Search] Nosnet Spain - [Search] Open Directory Resource Page Spain - [Search] Ozu Spain - [Search] Ozu Spain - [Search] Oz.com Spain - [Search] Pais Vasco Spain - [Search] Paisvasco Spain - [Search] Redaragon Spain - [Search] Sabadell Spain - [Search] SearchIberia.Com Spain - [Search] Sol Spain - [Search] Som-hi Spain - [Search] Telepolis Spain - [Search] Tematico Spain - [Search] Trovator Spain - [Search] Typically Spanish Spain - [Search] U-lo Spain - [Search] Uep! (Balears Islands) Spain - [Search] Ultracosta.com Spain - [Search] Valdeorras Spain - [Search] Ven Y Busca Spain - [Search] Vindio Spain - [Search] Ya.com Spain - [Search] Yahoo Resource Page Spain - [Search] Yahoo! Espaa Spain - [Search] Yahoo! Espaa Spain - [Search] Yupi Spain - [Stock] Madrid Exchange Spain - [Trade] Business Barcelona Spain - [Trade] Chamber of Commerce Barcelona Spain - [Travel] Aardvark travel resources Spain - [Travel] Alltravelspain.com Spain - [Travel] Costa del Golf Spain - [Travel] Discover Spain Spain - [Travel] Galicia and Asturias Hotels and Restaurants Spain - [Travel] Hotel Spain, HotelSearch.com Spain - [Travel] Lonely Planet travel resource page Spain - [Travel] Spain and Portugal for Visitors Spain - [Travel] Spainunlimited Spain - [Travel] The Costa Guide Spain - [Travel] To Spain Spain - [Travel] Traveldocs Resource Page Spain - [Travel] Travelinginspain.com Spain - [Travel] Virtual Tourist resource page Site navigation Add url to Bizeurope Upgrade to professional member Country database Return to Bizeurope keywords Bizeurope company directory Sitemap Other country pages Afghanistan Africa general Alaska Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Arab general Argentina Armenia Asia general Australia Austria Bahrain Bangladesh Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cayman Islands Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Cyprus Czech Rep. Denmark Dominica Egypt Estonia Ethiopia Europe general Finland France Gabon Germany Greece Grenada Guatemala Haiti Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea Kuwait Latvia Lebanon Libya Liechtenstein Luxembourg Malaysia Malta Mauritius Mexico Moldova Monaco Mongolia Morocco Nepal Netherlands Norway New Zealand Pakistan Palestine Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Romania Russia South Africa El Salvador Saudi Arabia Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Somalia Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Tunisia Turkey UAE United Kingdom Ukraine Uruguay USA Venezuela Vietnam Worldwide Yemen Zimbabwe Airshowreport Asiaprofile Aviationlinker BizEurope Downloadplaza Export Database Export Linker Export Offers EU manufacturer F16 Falcon Forbidden Source Hardwarelinker Hotel2visit Image Supplier Import Database Import Europe Importer USA Import Leads Newsreleaser PC newsflash Scubalinker Search4finance Softwarelinker St Webmaster Telecomlinker Tradefairdatabase Travellinker Turbolinker USAlinker UGA media USA manufacturer Visit2Europe Webdesign Webhosting Worldjump Worldtradelead

Spain Travelogues for Spain

Spain Travel Pictures | Spain Travel Photos Spain Travel resources, links and information for Spain. Click on the thumbnails to read stories and see travel pictures. Book your hotel Book a hotel in Spain Book a hostel Book Youth hostels in Spain Fly your way! Book your flight to Spain online - saving 40% or more! Other countries: Andorra Austria Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Liechtenstein Lithuania Malta Monaco Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Sweden Switzerland The Netherlands Turkey United Kingdom Vatican City More than just paella and corrida de toros, Spain to me is mainly a country of fast pace in the cities and slow pace in the villages. Madrid is top of the list where it comes to night life. Barcelona boasts an authentic city centre, art in its architecture. And the South houses the most Arabian influence of Europe. Stories and pictures: Barcelona Madrid Plazas Madrid Decorations Madrid Parks Gaudí Rambla Barceloneta New Year 2002 Rastro flea market Sagrada Familia San Antonio de la Florida Montjuïc Paseo de la Castellana 11 March Girona Eixample Aranjuez Latina Sant Pere Useful travel links: Book your hotel in Spain Weather Lonely Planet Learn Spanish in Spain Travelogues for Spain Currency exchange Many more links on Spain ! Suggest a site Go directly to: Africa Asia Europe North America Oceania South America Join our mailinglist: If you want to be updated about developments at Around the World in 80 Clicks, subscribe! Your E-mail address: Travel Forum Join others in discussions on Europe Also on this site: read and sign the guestbook send us your suggestions ! send this site to a friend read about the background of this site publications on this site meet new friends for travel, dating or just fun! Around the World in 80 Clicks All rights reserved - www.traveladventures.org - 1999-2005 Share your comments

Air Travel

Southwest Airlines Please enable javascript in your browser to expand the functionality of this page. MySouthwest Login | Search | Help Share the Spirit As a Company of People and collective hearts, the Southwest Family is proud to serve the Community during the holiday season and all the year through! Find out more . Travel Tools See All Travel Tools Book Travel Check Flight Status Check In Online View Route Map Headlines & Hot Deals Click 'n Save ® Internet Specials – Fly for $34 to $129 one-way in select markets with 21-day advance purchase! Get air, car, and hotel specials with this week's Featured Destination - Denver, CO . Giving the freedom to fly just got easier with the southwest giftcard . Make holiday travel easier! Read our Holiday Travel Tips . Help repeal the Wright Amendment and Set Love Free! Visit setlovefree.com for more details. Hurricane Katrina - New Orleans Customer Accommodation Update Information Regarding Flight 1248 Weekly Specials Don't miss out! Sign up to receive the latest updates on special offers and promotions. E-mail Address: Earn free flights faster with the Rapid Rewards Visa Card! Apply now to save $20 on today's ticket purchase. Not ready to purchase yet? Apply here . Either way, you'll get 4 bonus credits! Inside southwest.com Book Air Book Car Book Hotel Book Cruise Careers Contact SWA Investor Relations Press Room Programs & Services Published Fares Southwest Policies Southwest Shortcut Vacation Packages Business Travel Ship Packages Introducing the all new southwest giftcard! It goes a lot of places. Never gets returned. Give / Redeem southwest giftcards Use of the Southwest websites and our Company Information constitutes acceptance of our Terms and Conditions . © 2005 Southwest Airlines Co. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy

Argentina Travel: Build yourself

Travel to Argentina: Information on the country Argentina www.spanishcourses.info www.spanishcourses.info not only provides information on Argentina , but also information on countries, cities and Spanish courses and an independent directory of language schools in Spain and Latin America . » CLICK HERE to go to the information on Argentina with complete navigation environment. Classiefied ads with photos to meet people from Argentina, find friends, pratise Spanish (language exchange) or travel together. » More information inside - click here General information on Argentina Argentina Information on Argentina » View map of Argentina Argentina, the country between the mountains of the Andes and the Atlantic Ocean, with its fantastic capital Buenos Aires, its Pampas and Gauchos, the famous wine of the Mendoza region and the Patagonian landscapes in the south. » List of Spanish language schools in Argentina » Press, newspaper, television channels and radio in Argentina » Conjugate regular and irregular Spanish verbs Inhabitants: 38.740.807 Money: Peso Argentino (ARS) Spoken languages: Spanish Borders with (Country names in original language): Chile, Uruguay, Brasil, Bolivia, Paraguay Capital: Buenos Aires Typical products: Red wine of Mendoza, Argentine steaks Geography of Argentina Argentina can roughly be divided into three parts: The fertile plains of the Pampas in the northern half of the country, the centre of Argentina's agricultural wealth; the flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in the southern half down to Tierra del Fuego; and the rugged Andes mountain range along the western border with Chile, with the highest point being the Cerro Aconcagua at 6,960 m. Pampa Plains A plains region interrupted only by the the small mountains of Tandil and La Ventana sierras. Its tourist potential is mainly reflected on the big city of Buenos Aires. An industrial and commercial pole that offers an intense cultural activity. Besides the large number of beaches on the Atlantic Coast in the Pampas region, Tandil and Ventana offer an impressive landscape. Photo provided by Nicols Ariel Zonvi Mar del Plata Film Festival If you like the movies, you can come to one of the most important Spanish-speaking film festivals in a beautiful coastal city on the banks of the sea. The Mar del Plata Film Fest is a perfect conjunction of art, theory, critical, market, industry and popular assembly. Projection of National and international movies Awards for producers, actors and directors. The “Ombú” Award of gold, silver and platinum is given with the presence of foreign and national artists. The festival is organized by the National Institute of Movies and Visual Arts. (See link below) Information provided by CICLO Buenos Aires Central Sierras The Region of the Sierras is peppered with small mountains crossed by plentiful rivers, streams and artificial lakes. There are many small cities and villages to visit and explore. Adventure tourism, swimming and water sports are the main activities to take part in. Photo provided by cordoba.net Cuyo It is an arid mountainous region, which is cut by plentiful rivers that make up majestic canyons such as that of the Atuel Canyon. Rafting, mountaineering, trekking and many other adventure activities are all possible here. Excellent ski resorts such as that of Las Leñas Valley. Visits to wineries. Northeast Cascades, rapids and waterfalls are the main features of Iguazu Falls. The Littoral offers numerous beaches, islands and ideal places to practice swimming and water sports. There are thermal fountains and hot springs in several cities. Andean Patagonia The mountainous Patagonia region, peppered with natural lakes, glaciers and woods is one of the most astounding landscapes of Argentina. Excellent for adventure tourism activities like trekking, rafting, and mountaineering. Water sports and excursions in its numerous lakes. There are excellent snow skiing resorts such as Chapelco, Mount Cathedral and many hot springs soak in after. Atlantic Patagonia The eastern part of Patagonia that borders with the Atlantic Ocean and sometimes called the Patagonian Plateau, posseses a very distinct relief. An area rich in sea life. In the northern area, you will find good beaches for swimming with comfortable water temperatures. Scuba diving is one of the other important attractions. The Gaucho The word "gaucho" was used in the regions of the River Plate, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil,(although there the word is gaúcho) to name the horse riders of the planes or "pampas", who kept cattle. The origin of this word is not very clear. "Guahu-che" is the most popular one and means "people who sings sadly"; it comes form araucano and denotes melancholy. The ‘gaucho’ is the fruit of the mixture of Spanish and aborigine blood; he started to create his own personality in the primitive vaquerías of the colonies. There he learned the tasks connected to cattle rising with a singular skill and founded his body to his inseparable friend: the horse. He spends most of the time on horseback, which is why he hates agriculture, since he must be standing all day long. His indomitable value made him the bases of the South American Independence. He was a shepherd in times of peace and a soldier in times of war. The big area of the "pampas" planes finally moulds his conduct. He is very free, of simple habits and leads a wandering life. That freedom which he faces his life with brings back to him a lot of misfortunes. He was excluded for a long time, but as time passes by he was popularly accepted and the word gaucho is now synonym of uprightness and nobility of heart. Information provided by CICLO Buenos Aires Photo provided by CICLO Buenos Aires The China (gaucha) The "Gaucha" is also called "China". She was the loyal companion of the "gaucho". Her occupation was to grow corn, watermelon and onion. She baked their bread and used the mortar and pestle for crushing the charque, the wheat and corn. She brought up the children and she also wove her companion’s ponchos. She was as a good rider as he was. She used to wear a cotton shirt, underskirt and headscarf. She usually wore two braids. Sometimes she would also wear a loose and low-cut dress. She liked smoking. Information provided by CICLO Buenos Aires Photo provided by CICLO Buenos Aires City Info and cities with Spanish languge schools in Argentina: Bariloche Crdoba Gualeguaych Mendoza Santa Fe Buenos Aires Links - Argentina: »www.iberospanish.com Spanish school BERO (Buenos Aires) »www.set-idiomas.com.ar Spanish school SET IDIOMAS (Crdoba) »www.academiabuenosaires.com Spanish school Acad. Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires) » www.camuniaviajes.com These pages will guide you in the search of the tourist destination that you want, with great variety of accomodations and activities that can be carried out during your vacations in Argentina. » www.travelsur.net Argentina Vacation - Argentina Travel: Build yourself a trip to Argentina or choose from our ready made packages. » www.literatura.org Contemporary literature of Argentina (Website in Spanish only) » www.mardelplatafilmfest.com Mar del Plata Film Festival - One of the more important Spanish-speaking film festival » To add a link Travel Service - Argentina » Find cheap flights to Argentina » Rent a car in Argentina » Find a hotel in Argentina www.spanishcourses.info www.spanishcourses.info not only provides information on Argentina , but also information on countries, cities and Spanish courses and an independent directory of language schools in Spain and Latin America . » CLICK HERE to go to the information on Argentina with complete navigation environment. » Esta pgina sobre Argentina en espaol (This page about Argentina in Spanish) » Diese Seite ber Argentinien in deutsch (This page about Argentina in German) Spanish courses and language schools worldwide - HOME » close ad spanishcourses.info launches club-buenosaires.com It's Summer It's cheapest It's Tango ... It's more ... It's B u e n o s A i r e s We help you to find the most convenient Spanish school the most suitable accommodation an appropriate flight That's what we can do for you. » Click for more information www.spanishcourses.info www.spanishcourses.info Learn and study Spanish with Spanish courses in Spain and Latin America www.spanishcourses.info is an independent directory of Spanish language schools from all over the world - All school information provided by the schools themselves. » www.spanishcourses.info - HOME (with complete navigation menu) ۞ In other languages: » Esta pgina sobre Argentina en espaol (This page about Argentina in Spanish) » Diese Seite ber Argentinien in deutsch (This page about Argentina in German) Spanish courses INFO brings to you: Information on countries and cities all over the world, where you can study abroad and learn Spanish Presentations of Spanish language schools with photos, courses, accommodations, and fees Contact the schools DIRECTLY and for FREE (without any intermediary) Many language programs with information and descriptions of them and a link to their own homepage Spanish regular and irregular verbs - tenses online provided by the schools A lot of links to interesting web sites about the countries and cities Book flights and hotel reservation services check flight and hotel availability for your Spanish speaking destination. Classified ads to find people to practise Spanish, travel together or make new friendships. Next country: » Description of the country Bolivia » Press, TV and radio stations of Bolivia » Spanish language schools in Bolivia Previous country: » Description of the country Venezuela » Press, TV and radio stations of Venezuela » Spanish language schools in Venezuela » www.spanishcourses.info - HOME (with complete navigation menu) Spanish & Family in Mlaga (Spain) Homestay with a Spanish family in Malaga (Spain) Sometimes it could be cheaper and more effective: Select the school you want and organise your homestay in a Spanish family during your Spanish language course by your own! » More information

air travel 23 May

WHO | Summary of SARS and air travel All WHO This site only Home About WHO Countries Health topics Publications Research tools WHO sites EPR Home Alert & Response Operations Diseases Global Outbreak Alert & Response Network International Health Regulations Laboratory & Epidemiology Strengthening Preparedness for Deliberate Epidemics Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR) Country activities | Outbreak news | Resources | Media centre WHO WHO sites Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) printable version Summary of SARS and air travel 23 May 2003 This document addresses the main concerns of the public at large with regard to the risk of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) transmission to passengers and/or crew embarking on an international voyage particularly from an area of recent local transmission . A more detailed account of the specific measures the World Health Organization (WHO) is recommending is available in the Weekly Epidemiological Record dated 4 April 2003. WHO has been working closely with international air transport organizations, including ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) and IATA (International Air Transport Association), to provide accurate information in a timely manner to all persons involved in international air travel in order to further reduce the risk of spreading the disease by this means. Risk of SARS transmission in flight The risk of transmission in aircraft is very low. To date, symptomatic probable SARS cases on four flights have been associated with possible transmission onboard. Two of these flights preceded WHO's 15 March 2003 emergency travel advisory, and since 23 March 2003 and the introduction of WHO-recommended screening measures by public health authorities no further cases of SARS in flight have been documented. A key factor in reducing the risk is for passengers and crew to be aware of the main symptoms of SARS which include high fever (38 °C, 100.4 °F), cough, shortness of breath or breathing difficulties. Measure for persons with symptoms compatible with SARS prior to departure WHO has recommended that passengers or crew who develop symptoms compatible with SARS postpone their travel until fully recovered. WHO further recommends that public health authorities ensure that areas with recent local transmission introduce exit screening measures, which may include temperature checks for all passengers and crew. Preventing symptomatic passengers from travelling minimizes what risk there is. Finally, contacts of probable SARS cases should not undertake travel (national or international) for a 10-day period following exposure. In-flight precautions and measures Personal hygiene All passengers and crews should observe good personal hygiene. Wash hands frequently, particularly before eating. If passengers or crew cough or sneeze while onboard, they should cover their mouth and nose, and wash their hands afterwards. Face masks Current evidence indicates that a person infected with SARS is not infectious to others unless s/he has symptoms. Therefore, WHO does not recommend the use of masks by asymptomatic passengers or crew. However, WHO recommends that passengers or crew presenting with symptoms compatible with SARS during a flight from an area with recent local transmission: 1) wear a protective face mask * ; 2) be isolated, as far as possible, from other passengers; and 3) be given access to a toilet cordoned off for their exclusive use. WHO also recommends that the designated crew member(s) caring for a person with symptoms compatible with SARS wear a protective face mask*, gloves and eye protection (e.g. tight-fitting goggles or face shield). Measures on arrival of a flight with a suspected case of SARS The Captain of an aircraft with a person presenting symptoms compatible with SARS onboard should radio the airport of destination so that appropriate arrangements may be made for reception and management by public health authorities. Passenger disembarkation may be delayed upon arrival while the medical officer at the airport of destination examines the patient. Following an assessment by public health authorities, passengers and crew may be required to provide their contact details for the next 14 days. All passengers and crew who are otherwise healthy should be allowed to continue their onward journey. If the ill passenger or crew member is confirmed as a probable case of SARS, public health authorities should notify contacts using the contact details provided. Risk of infection from handling baggage or goods belonging to a SARS case There is no evidence to date to suggest that a person can be infected with SARS from handling baggage or goods, as the major route of transmission is close face-to-face contact with a SARS probable case. Aircraft ventilation The configurations of the air circulation system for commercial aircraft are designed to the specifications of international aviation regulations, as well as guidelines of aircraft manufacturers: Circulation: In flight, fresh air is introduced into the cabin continuously. The entire cabin air volume is exchanged every three minutes. Airflow: The airflow movement is designed to minimize the potential for spreading of bacteria and viruses through the cabin. Filter: Most major airlines install HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filters which are highly efficient in removing dust and airborne contaminants such as droplets, bacteria and large microbes. This means that the spread of all microbes is minimized inside the cabin. Disinfection of aircraft Following a flight with a suspected SARS case, it is recommended that the aircraft be thoroughly cleaned following procedures established by local public health authorities which must involve the strict cleansing and disinfecting of the zone of risk in the cabin area (i.e. seats, headrests, tabletops, handsets, and other materials coming in contact with the suspected case) where the case was seated, as well as all shared facilities. The virus that causes SARS loses infectivity after exposure to commonly used disinfectants. * N/R/P 95/99/100 or FFP 2/3 or an equivalent national manufacturing standard (NIOSH (N,R,P 95,99,100) or European CE EN149:2001(FFP 2,3) and EN143:2000 (P2) or comparable national/regional standards applicable to the country of manufacture. About WHO | -- Employment | Other UN Sites | Search | Suggestions | RSS | Privacy © World Health Organization 2005. All rights reserved