Russia Travel Resources >
|
|
Russia Travel Guide - Communications You are here: About > Travel > Eastern Europe for Visitors > Russia-Belarus-Ukraine > Russia Travel Resources > Travel Essentials - Russia > Russia Travel Guide - Communications Travel Go Eastern Europe Essentials Best of Eastern Europe Map of Central/Eastern Europe Photo Gallery Country Profiles Discount Travel Websites Articles & Resources Planning Your Trip Ways to Travel What to Do in East Europe Maps for Eastern Europe Czech-SlovakTravel Hungary Travel Poland Travel Russia-Belarus-Ukraine Romania-Moldova Travel Baltic Travel Balkan Travel Culture and Holidays Photo Galleries East Europe Travel and Language Books Forums Help FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Eastern Europe for Visitors newsletter! See Online Courses Search Eastern Europe for Visitors Stay up to date! Email to a friend Print this page Most Popular First Christmas Tree Europe map Best of Eastern Europe Croatia Naturism and Nudism Discount Travel Websites What's Hot Krakow Photo Gallery Profiles of Eastern Europe Moscow City Profile Czech Republic Photo Gallery - Charles Bridge and castle Sofia's Religous Buildings Related Topics Hotels / Resorts / Inns European History Architecture Air Travel Europe for Visitors Communications From Apply Now , Your Guide to Eastern Europe for Visitors . FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! Russia Travel Guide Communications services throughout Russia vary according to the region, although improvements are gradually coming.
Post Office
Russia has 40,000 post offices. All of them sell stamps and envelopes and can process domestic and international letters and cards. Larger post offices will offer more service, including domestic and international parcel post, telephone calls, domestic and international express letters, Internet service and currency exchange.
The post can take some time to be delivered in Russia. For quicker and more reliable service, use American Express if you are a member or a private delivery service.
Telephones
The country code is for Russia is 7.
The city code for Moscow is 095 and for St. Petersburg 812.
In larger cities, you will find modern public telephone booths that accept phonecards, for sale at hotel front desks, post offices, newspaper kiosks and metro stations.
To make an international call from Russia, dial 8, wait for a tone, then 10 + country code + area code + number. To dial another city in Russia, dial 8, wait for the tone, then the city code + number. Send faxes from your hotel, business centers, or telegraph offices. Some post offices can also send faxes.
Mobile Telephones
There are three main providers of mobile telephone service in Russia:
Mobile Telesystems - MTS
VimpelCom
Megafon (Russian-language site)
If you want to use your own GSM phone (it has a Subscriber Identity Module smart card that has account information about the subscriber) you should check with your local provider about which company to use in Russia. However,the cost per minute will likely be high.
GSM is a popular system in Russia, although other standards also operate on different networks.
A good alternative is to buy a pay-as-you-go mobile phone. You can purchase one from a telecom shop for not much money.
Internet Service
You can find Internet cafes throughout Russia, and naturally cities have the greatest abundance. You won't have any trouble finding an Internet cafe in St Petersburg or Moscow. For a list of Internet cafes in Russia, see Globaltrek .
Radio
Radio stations abound in Russia. With the Internet, you can listen to Russian radio stations. See this list for a list of radio stations in Russia.
Television
Russians enjoy numerous television stations, now that satellite transmissions supplement the traditional fare. Major stations are:
1TV
Ladya-TV
RTR-Planeta
Here you can get a list of other stations with Internet transmission.
Newspapers
There are several English-language newspapers published in Russia. The Moscow News and the Moscow Times are dailies. The St. Petersburg Times is an English-language paper published twice a week. Pravda has an English edition as well as its Russian version .
Webcams
Webcams provide a current look at far away places. Here are webcams of some favorite spots around Russia.
St. Petersburg
Moscow
Ekaterinburg Russia Travel Guide Index
Profile of Russia
City Profile: Moscow
City Profile: St. Petersburg
Before You Go
Need to Know
Money Matters
Intercity Travel
City Transit
Driving
Health and Safety
Lodging
Dining and Drinking
Communications
Shopping
Topic Index | Email to a Friend Our Story | Be a Guide | Advertising Info | Work at About | Site Map | Icons | Help User Agreement | Ethics Policy | Patent Info. | Privacy Policy | Kids' Privacy Policy ©2005 About, Inc., A part of the New York Times Company . All rights reserved. Around About New Video iPod - Review POLL: Must-Have Gadgets VIDEO: Portable Gaming VIDEO: Choosing a TV Hugh Hefner's Life What's Hot Krakow Photo Gallery Profiles of Eastern Europe Moscow City Profile Czech Republic Photo Gallery - Charles Bridge and castle Sofia's Religous Buildings
Disney Vacations Book your
Disney Vacations - Orbitz - Disney Vacation Packages Welcome to Orbitz. Sign In. Register now. Disney Vacations Discount Travel Directory > Vacation Packages > Disney Vacations Book your Disney vacation through Orbitz. With the most low fares, hotels and cars, its easy to create a package that suits your needs and budget. Plus, you can book your tickets to Disney attractions before you get to Orlando, Anaheim, Paris or Tokyo. Use Orbitz to book your next Disney vacation its the key to a Magic Kingdom getaway. Accommodations for Your Disney Vacation Before heading to one of the world's favorite destinations and most popular theme parks, explore the wide variety of Disney vacations on Orbitz. In Orlando, Disney World offers a sprawling resort that kids and parents alike can spend days exploring. Start by unpacking your bags at the British-Colonial style Grosvenor Resort, near Downtown Disney and Disney's West Side. Stroll down Main Street, U.S.A in the Magic Kingdom all the way to Cinderella's Castle, Space Mountain or other beloved attractions. Or take your caravan to Disney's luxurious Animal Kingdom Lodge, a unique retreat with an African dcor. Many rooms, with their handcrafted furnishings, have balcony views of an expansive wildlife reserve. See giraffes, zebras and other exotic animals without leaving your hotel. And, should you be on the hunt for other wildlife, Disneys Animal Kingdom theme park is located right next door. Then head for Disney-MGM Studios and find what happens behind the scenes on movie sets and TV shows. Or explore new frontiers and international pavilions in the high-tech world of Epcot. On the West Coast, explore the original Disney vacation at Walts Happiest Place on Earth, Disneyland. Take a spin in a teacup, ride the famous Monorail and dare to enter the Haunted Mansion. Check into the Disneyland Hotel located adjacent to the Downtown Disney District. Or book a room at Disneys Grand Californian Hotel inside the California Adventure park. The relaxing, luxury retreat celebrates early 20th Century Arts and Crafts architectural style. Book Your Disney Vacation Now! Mickey, Minnie, Donald and all your friends await you on your Disney vacation. So find your perfect trip from the widest selection of travel choices on Orbitz. More. Easy. Orbitz and Go! Wishes Come True Disney Vacations Magic Your Way Vacations are a tremendous value and include Resort, Tickets, Guest Transportation and more! Learn More! Disneyland Tower Of Terror Vacations The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror™! at Disneyland® Resort ©Disney is a frightenly fun time for the whole family! Learn More! Disneyland Snow White Musical Vacations Come to the Disneyland Resort and experience first hand the classic tale of Snow White live on stage! Learn more! Disney Vacations: My Trips | My Account | Flight Status | Site map | Contact us | Terms and conditions | Privacy | About Orbitz Orbitz for Hotels | Orbitz for Business | Advertise on Orbitz | Become an affiliate | Careers | Media | Investors OrbitzSaver Low Rate Guarantee Flights | Hotels | Car Rentals | Cruises | Vacations | Travel Deals | Travel Guides by 360i Orbitz guards your privacy and security. We're certified by TRUSTe and Verisign. © 2001-2004, Orbitz, LLC. All rights reserved. CST 2063530-50 From: To: Leave: Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 2005 Feb 2005 Mar 2005 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Return: Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan 2005 Feb 2005 Mar 2005 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Travelers: 1 2 3 4 Adults (18+) 0 1 2 3 Children (0-17) --
Cheap Travel Insurance, where
Travel Insurance, Ski Insurance for Cheap UK Online Holiday or Business Cover Single trip Travel Insurance - Prices from £9.15 for two weeks Europe Compare our prices Policy Benefits Pre-existing Medical Insurance Over 64 Travel Insurance Repatriation E111 Policy Wording Privacy Policy Site Security Contact us About us Backpacker Insurance Ski Insurance Snowboarding Insurance Travel Insurance Annual Multi Trip Golf Insurance Long Stay Business Insurance Travel Dictionary Info for Travellers Currency Rates Temperatures Abroad FAQ Gap Year Information Travel News Don`t leave travel insurance `til the last minute! American medical care £12 per minute? News archive Travel Insurance and Ski Insurance Welcome to Cheap Travel Insurance, where we are dedicated to bringing you some of the cheapest travel insurance policies online. Cheap Travel Insurance specialise in travel insurance suitable for business and holiday travellers alike and by buying direct you can save up to 47% compared to other leading high street names. Residency : United Kingdom Destination : UK & Channel Islands Europe Australia / New Zealand Worldwide exc. USA / Canada Worldwide Multi-trip : Ski cover : Dates : 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st Dec 2005 Jan 2006 Feb 2006 Mar 2006 Apr 2006 May 2006 Jun 2006 Jul 2006 Aug 2006 Sep 2006 Oct 2006 Nov 2006 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st Dec 2005 Jan 2006 Feb 2006 Mar 2006 Apr 2006 May 2006 Jun 2006 Jul 2006 Aug 2006 Sep 2006 Oct 2006 Nov 2006 Adults : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Policy : Individual Couple Family Group Children : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Infants : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 You can buy your policy online through our secure servers and we then send you an instant confirmation and full policy documents via e-mail. We also offer cheap ski insurance and cheap backpackers insurance. So for comprehensive insurance cover and benefits then get your holiday insurance from us now. Travel from 3 to 365 days Single trips, annual multi trip, long stay Our policies offer three levels of cover 14-day full money back guarantee Ski travel insurance Backpacking Individual, Couple or Family policies Business trips Sports and recreational activities Cancellation insurance Some of our Travel Insurance Products. Ski and Snowboarding Insurance - Specialist winter sports travel insurance with off piste cover and and medical emergency repatriation for skiing and snow-boarders. Backpackers Travel Insurance - Great value travel insurance cover for backpackers and students on Gap Years. Policy includes sports and adventure activities, and other extreme sports can be added. Annual Travel Insurance - Multi Trip Travel Insurance for regular travellers covering unlimited trips per year with a winter sports option. Cheap Travel Insurance - Low cost single and multi trip travel cover for the individual traveller or family on holiday or business travel. Holiday Insurance - Planning a holiday abroad with the whole family or independantly? Then our travel insurance offers holiday insurance cover for both annual or single trip policies. £20 of Free Wine from Cheaptravelinsurance and Virgin Wines ! We have teamed up with Virgin Wines and so as a thank you, for every travel insurance policy purchased from us we will send you a free £20 introductory voucher to spend with Virgin Wines. So even if you just purchase our 2 week single trip policy to Europe for £9.15 we will still send you a free £20 introductory voucher to spend with Virgin Wines. Voucher sent with your policy by email, for more details Click Here Residence You must have been a resident of this country for at least 12 months. UK, Channel Islands & Isle of Man Travel within the UK. Europe All the members of the European Community, Andorra, Azores, Bosnia - Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, Croatia, Gibraltar, Greenland, Iceland, Isle Of Man, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Moldavia, Montenegro, Morocco, Norway, Romania, Serbia, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Australia / New Zealand At least 75% of the total trip must be spent in Australia and/or New Zealand. 25% of the trip may be spent Worldwide. Travel to USA and Canada is subject to a combined maximum of ten days. Worldwide exc USA / Canada Travel the World, except USA / Canada and excluded regions: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Bangladesh, Burundi, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville.), Congo (Zaire), Ethiopia, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Lebanon, Liberia, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tajikistan, Togo, UK Cruise, Yemen. Worldwide Travel the World, excluding regions: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Bangladesh, Burundi, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville.), Congo (Zaire), Ethiopia, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Lebanon, Liberia, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tajikistan, Togo, UK Cruise, Yemen. Annual multi-trip policy If you plan to travel 2 or more times per year, this policy can save you money. It means you won't have to set up a new policy every time you travel. Ski Cover Our ski policy covers you whether on or off-piste and also if you are a skier or a snowboarder. My Travel Dates Please use the calendar function to help you select the exact dates you are travelling, add an extra day if you are getting a night flight back. Adults From 19 to 64 years old. Children From 2 to 18 years old, plus students who are in full time education, aged 19-21. Infants From 0 to 1 year old. Individual Please select the traveller who you wish to book insurance for. If there is a group of you, please select the Group type of policy. Couple A couple can be either legally married, a common law husband and wife or an adult couple who have cohabited for at least one year. All limits and excesses are per person irrespective of one or both travelling on the same trip. Family A family is considered to be a legally married couple, a common law husband and wife, a single parent or adult couple who have cohabited for at least one year and up to 3 children aged under 19 (or up to 21 if in full time education) . Under 2's travel free on an Adult or Couple Policy (please select Family, under Type of policy to set this up). Group If your group has more than 8 people, please call us at 0800 XXX XXX. Other Travel Extras If you are looking to stay at the airport the night before your flight, just require airport parking, car hire at your destination or currency exchange services to your door just click below for some exclusive deals. Airport Parking Car Hire Airport Hotels Holiday Money Cheaptravelinsurance.com is a trading name of Grovelawn Limited, who are authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority. Registered Address: 98 Station Road, Sidcup, Kent, DA15 7BY - FSA Registration Number: 314204 All our travel insurance policies are administered by C T I S Limited who are also authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority FSA registration number: 311897. Ski Sitemap | Sitemap We are able to offer cheap travel insurance to you at discounted prices compared to travel agents because you buy direct either online with instant confirmation or via our call centre. Our travel insurance is affordable yet has extensive cover for all those eventualities including primarily medical and health cover but also trip cancellation, travel delay, baggage loss, repatriation, lost cash and documents, personal accident and other situations that you may encounter whilst abroad. There are a number of different travel and holiday insurance products available including single trip, annual multi trip, (ideal if you are thinking of taking more than one vacation a year), ski and snowboard insurance for the winter sports enthusiasts and backpacker, long stay, adventure and gap year cover for those students looking to explore the world or work their way around it! All policies are available for travel in Europe or Worldwide for individuals, couples or families. Within the site you will find lots of useful information to prepare yourself before your trip away, including info on backpackers and gap year travel, a fully comprehensive skiing guide including details on virtually every ski resort in europe and USA, and a nifty language dictionary for all those useful phrases while away. We detail clearly all the policy wording and have a full faq section for any questions you may have. For all your other insurance needs we have dedicated a section covering details on how to get your cheap motor insurance and home insurance and also a section on pet insurance for your cat and dog, this may be of importance if you are looking to take your pet away with you abroad on holiday on the new pet passports.
Austria Travel Guide Austria
Austria Travel Guide : BootsnAll Travel Network Visit other BootsnAll sites: BootBlog | Bali | London | Australia | Written Road | Travel News Daily Home | Ask an Insider | Members Forum Plane Tickets | Youth Hostels | RTW Guide About Us | Advertising | Contact | RSS | Staff First Time Visitor? Home » Europe » Western Europe » Austria Austria Travel Guide Austria Travel Resources Accommodation: Hostels | Hotels Advice: Travel Stories Adventure Trips Airfare to Austria Travel Insurance Books about Austria Travel Blogs Arguably the home of music in Europe, with claims to Mozart (and the namesake liquor!), the Vienna Boys Choir and some of the best symphonies around. Austria also claims a lot of history: read up on how WWI began because of the archduke. BootsnAll Newsletters Sign up for any of BootsnAll's community, regional or deals newsletters. Why should you sign-up? Austria Travel Info Vienna Austria Nutz And Bolts On Sisi\'s Path Austria Nutz and Bolts Austria Things To See And Do Gruenau, Austria - October 1999 Gruenau, Austria - August 1999 Austria Traveller Reports On Sisi's Path Submit your own Austria guide! Discussions Recent Austria Travel Stories Following Street Performers in Vienna - Vienna, Austria Curious about the real lives of street performers, Ira Koplowitz darts on and off trains and around buildings to find out. RTW Honeymoon #6: The Hills are Alive With the Sounds of Salzburg! - Salzburg, Austria to France Monastic breweries in Salzburg, liter beers in Munich, Disney castles, historic Bamberg, Switzerland, Amsterdam and finally to Paris. The Year of Living Differently #12: For Butter or Wurst - Enns, Austria to Witten, Germany While her Europe trip was not turning out terribly exciting, Trisha was happy to be able to catch up in person with friends she'd met on the road. Salzburg International Festival - Salzburg, Austria Salzburg and the Sound of Music are synonymous. Leif Pettersen, however, was fortunate enough to learn more about music when he attended Salzburg's Superbowl of international music. Valiant Vienna - Vienna, Austria Leif Pettersen gives his take on finding a hostel bed, summertime restoration...and Vienna. More Austria Travel Stories » Submit your own Austria story! Home | Email BootsnAll | Become a Member | Top of page Travel Guides, Stories, Information, and Newsletters Africa Travel | Asia Travel | Pacific Travel | Europe Travel | North America Travel | Central America Travel | South America Travel | Middle East Travel Odds'n'Ends | Travel Book Reviews | Insiders | Travel Blogs | Travel Newsletters Around the World Travel Around the World Tickets | Around the World Travel Guide | Cheap International Plane Tickets | Around the World Travel Tips Airport Parking Reservations Philadelphia Airport Parking | Newark Airport Parking | Oakland Airport Parking | San Diego Airport Parking | Phoenix Airport Parking BootsnAll World Adventure Travel Tanzania Safari | Viet Nam Tours | Thailand Tour | China Tours | New Zealand Adventure | Australia Tours Youth Hostels Europe Hostels | New York Hostels | Paris Hostels | London Hostels | Amsterdam Hostels Eurail Eurail Passes | Britrail Passes | Eurail Travel | Eurail Tips Book Tickets, Hostels, Hotels and more anywhere in the world Search for Hotels | Traveler's Toolkit | Plane Tickets | Rent Cars | Search Youth Hostels | Travel Insurance | Learn Languages | Backpacker Tours | Cheap Tickets | Cruise and Vacation Packages | Cheap Hotels | Cheap Vacation Rentals | World Music Downloads | Travel Bookstore BootsnAll Travel Community websites, blogs and About the Company Press Kit | Advertise with us | Internships | TripPlanner Affiliate Partners | Link to Us | Join Us! | Privacy policy | BootBlog | Bali Travel | Australia Travel | BootsnAll TravelBlogs | Travel Writer's Resource | Travel Gear Blog | Eurail Blog | London Blog | BootsnAll Travel: Australia | UK and Europe Travel | Travel News Daily | World Travel Watch BootsnAll in Other Languages Chercher des Auberges De Jeunesse | Ricercare gli Ostelli di Gioventù | Busque para Albergues Juveniles de Juventud | Suchen Sie Jugendherbergen Suchen Sie Hotels --
Central America Travel
Destinations: Mexico, Central America | CDC Travelers' Health Home About CDC Press Room Funding A-Z Index Centers, Institute & Offices Training & Employment Contact Us CDC en Español Search: Travelers' Health Travelers' Health Home > Destinations > Mexico and Central America Health Information for Travelers to Countries in Mexico and Central America On This Page Vaccines for Your Protection Diseases Found in Mexico and Central America Other Health Risks What You Need To Bring With You Staying Healthy During Your Trip After You Return Home For More Information Travel Notices in Effect Update: Dengue and Travelers (Updated November 3, 2005) U.S. Department of State See all Traveler's Health travel notices Vaccines for Your Protection: Mexico and Central America Routine Vaccinations Check with your healthcare provider: you and your family may need routine as well as recommended vaccinations. Before travel, be sure you and your children are up to date on all routine immunizations according to schedules approved by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice (ACIP). See the schedule for adults and the schedule for infants and children . Some schedules can be accelerated for travel. See your doctor at least 4–6 weeks before your trip to allow time for shots to take effect. If it is less than 4 weeks before you leave, you should still see your doctor. It might not be too late to get your shots or medications as well as other information about how to protect yourself from illness and injury while traveling. Recommended Vaccinations and Preventive Medications The following vaccines may be recommended for your travel to Mexico and Central America. Discuss your travel plans and personal health with a health-care provider to determine which vaccines you will need. Hepatitis A or immune globulin (IG). Transmission of hepatitis A virus can occur through direct person-to-person contact; through exposure to contaminated water, ice, or shellfish harvested in contaminated water; or from fruits, vegetables, or other foods that are eaten uncooked and that were contaminated during harvesting or subsequent handling. Hepatitis B , especially if you might be exposed to blood or body fluids (for example, health-care workers), have sexual contact with the local population, or be exposed through medical treatment. Hepatitis B vaccine is now recommended for all infants and for children ages 11–12 years who did not receive the series as infants. Malaria: if you are traveling to a malaria-risk area in this region, see your health care provider for a prescription antimalarial drug. For details concerning risk and preventive medications, see Malaria Information for Travelers to Central America and Mexico . Rabies , if you might have extensive unprotected outdoor exposure in rural areas, such as might occur during camping, hiking, or bicycling, or engaging in certain occupational activities. Typhoid vaccine. Typhoid fever can be contracted through contaminated drinking water or food, or by eating food or drinking beverages that have been handled by a person who is infected. Large outbreaks are most often related to fecal contamination of water supplies or foods sold by street vendors Yellow fever , for travelers to endemic areas in Panama As needed, booster doses for tetanus-diphtheria and measles . Required Vaccinations None. Diseases found in Mexico and Central America (risk can vary by country and region within a country; quality of in-country surveillance also varies) Malaria An Anopheles freeborni mosquito takes a blood meal. Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. Humans get malaria from the bite of a mosquito infected with the parasite. Prevent this serious disease by seeing your health care provider for a prescription antimalarial drug and by protecting yourself against mosquito bites ( see below ). Your risk of malaria may be high in these countries, including some cities. Travelers to malaria-risk areas, including infants, children, and former residents of Mexico and Central America, should take an antimalarial drug. Chloroquine is the recommended drug for Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, and the Bocas Del Toro Province of Panama. Travelers to Darién Province and San Blas Province in Panama (including the San Blas Islands) should take one of the following antimalarial drugs: (listed alphabetically): atovaquone/proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or primaquine (in special circumstances). For additional information on malaria risk and prevention, see Malaria Information for Travelers to Central America and Mexico . Yellow Fever Yellow fever is present only in Panama in this region. A certificate of yellow fever vaccination may be required for entry into certain countries in the region if you have visited Panama, Trinidad & Tobago, or an endemic area in South America or sub-Saharan Africa. For detailed information, see Comprehensive Yellow Fever Vaccination Requirements . Also, find the nearest authorized U.S. yellow fever vaccine center . Food and Waterborne Diseases Avoid buying food or drink from street vendors, because it is relatively easy for such food to become contaminated. Make sure your food and drinking water are safe. Food and waterborne diseases are the primary cause of illness in travelers. Travelers’ diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites, which are found throughout this region and can contaminate food or water. Infections may cause diarrhea and vomiting ( E. coli , Salmonella , cholera , and parasites), fever ( typhoid fever and toxoplasmosis), or liver damage ( hepatitis). Gnathostomiasis (roundworms) has increased in Mexico, with many cases being reported from the Acapulco area, infection has been reported in travelers. Humans become infected by eating undercooked fish or poultry, or reportedly by drinking contaminated water. Additional information: see the Safe Food and Water page for a list of links. Other Disease Risks Dengue , filariasis , leishmaniasis , onchocerciasis , and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) are diseases carried by insects that also occur in this region. Myiasis (botfly) is endemic in Central America. Protecting yourself against insect bites ( see below ) will help to prevent these diseases. Other Health Risks Injuries Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury among travelers. Protect yourself from motor vehicle injuries: avoid drinking and driving; wear your safety belt and place children in age-appropriate restraints in the back seat; follow the local customs and laws regarding pedestrian safety and vehicle speed; obey the rules of the road; and use helmets on bikes, motorcycles, and motor bikes. Avoid boarding an overloaded bus or mini-bus. Where possible, hire a local driver. What You Need To Bring With You Long-sleeved shirt, long pants, and a hat to wear whenever possible while outside, to prevent illnesses carried by insects (e.g., malaria , Dengue , filariasis , leishmaniasis , and onchocerciasis ). Insect repellent containing DEET . Bed nets treated with permethrin. For use and purchasing information, see Insecticide Treated Bednets on the CDC malaria site. Overseas, permethrin or another insecticide, deltamethrin, may be purchased to treat bed nets and clothes. Flying-insect spray to help clear rooms of mosquitoes. The product should contain a pyrethroid insecticide; these insecticides quickly kill flying insects, including mosquitoes. Iodine tablets and portable water filters to purify water if bottled water is not available. See Preventing Cryptosporidiosis: A Guide to Water Filters and Bottled Water for more detailed information. Sunblock, sunglasses, and a hat for protection from harmful effects of UV sun rays. See Skin Cancer Questions and Answers for more information . Prescription medications: make sure you have enough to last during your trip, as well as a copy of the prescription(s) or letter from your health-care provider on office stationery explaining that the medication has been prescribed for you. Always carry medications in their original containers, in your carry-on luggage. Be sure to bring along over-the-counter antidiarrheal medication (e.g., bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide) and an antibiotic prescribed by your doctor to self-treat moderate to severe diarrhea. See suggested over-the-counter medications and first aid items for a travel kit . Staying Healthy During Your Trip Travelers should take the following precautions To stay healthy, do... When using repellent on a child, apply it to your own hands and then rub them on your child. Avoid children's eyes and mouth and use it sparingly around their ears. Wash your hands often with soap and water or, if hands are not visibly soiled, use a waterless, alcohol-based hand rub to remove potentially infectious materials from your skin and help prevent disease transmission. In developing countries, drink only bottled or boiled water, or carbonated (bubbly) drinks in cans or bottles. Avoid tap water, fountain drinks, and ice cubes. If this is not possible, learn how to make water safer to drink . Take your malaria prevention medication before, during, and after travel, as directed. (See your health care provider for a prescription.) To prevent fungal and parasitic infections, keep feet clean and dry, and do not go barefoot, even on beaches. Always use latex condoms to reduce the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Protect yourself from mosquito insect bites: Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats when outdoors. Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats. Use insect repellents that contain DEET (N, N-diethylmethyltoluamide). For more information about insect repellents and correct use, see What You Need to Know about Mosquito Repellent on the CDC West Nile Virus site . If no screening or air conditioning is available: use a pyrethroid-containing spray in living and sleeping areas during evening and night-time hours; sleep under bed nets, preferably insecticide-treated ones. If you are visiting friends and relatives in your home country, see additional special information about malaria prevention in Recent Immigrants to the U.S. from Malarious Countries Returning 'Home' to Visit Friends and Relatives on the CDC Malaria site. Do not Do not eat food purchased from street vendors or food that is not well cooked to reduce risk of infection (i.e., hepatitis A and typhoid fever). Do not drink beverages with ice. Avoid dairy products, unless you know they have been pasteurized. Do not swim in fresh water to avoid exposure to certain water-borne diseases such as schistosomiasis. (For more information, please see Swimming and Recreational Water Precautions .) Do not handle animals, especially monkeys, dogs, and cats, to avoid bites and serious diseases (including rabies and plague). Consider pre-exposure rabies vaccination if you might have extensive unprotected outdoor exposure in rural areas. For more information, please see Animal-Associated Hazards . Do not share needles for tattoos, body piercing or injections to prevent infections such as HIV and hepatitis B. After You Return Home If you have visited a malaria-risk area, continue taking your antimalarial drug for 4 weeks (chloroquine, doxycycline, or mefloquine) or seven days (atovaquone/proguanil) after leaving the risk area. Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. If you become ill with a fever or flu-like illness either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after you return home (for up to 1 year), you should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the physician your travel history. For More Information For more information about these and other diseases, please check the Diseases page and CDC Health Topics A-Z Diseases carried by insects Dengue : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=dengue.htm : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=lyme.htm Malaria information for Travelers to Mexico and Central America : http://www.cdc.gov/travel/regionalmalaria/camerica.htm Malaria Frequently asked questions : http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/faq.htm Malaria Prescription Drugs : http://www.cdc.gov/travel/malariadrugs.htm : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=yellowfever.htm Diseases carried in food or water : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=cholera.htm Escherichia coli diarrhea : http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/escherichiacoli_g.htm Hepatitis A : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=hav.htm : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=schisto.htm Typhoid fever : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=typhoid.htm Diseases from person-to-person contact Hepatitis B : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=hbv.htm HIV/AIDS prevention : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=hivaids.htm HIV-infected travelers (in The Immunocompromised Traveler) : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=special&obj=hivtrav.htm&cssNav=browseoyb Important: This document is not a complete medical guide for travelers to this region. Consult with your doctor for specific information related to your needs and your medical history; recommendations may differ for pregnant women, young children, and persons who have chronic medical conditions. Date: November 3, 2005 Content Source: National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine Destinations Vaccinations Diseases Yellow Book Safe Food and Water Illness and Injury Abroad Traveling with Children Cruise Ship and Air Travel Special Needs Travel Traveling with Pets Travel Medicine Clinics Yellow Fever Vaccination Clinics References and Resources Travelers' Health Automated Information Line PHONE: 877-FYI-TRIP toll free (Information about ordering the Yellow Book and International Certificates of Vaccination and recorded messages on travel-related health topics) VIA EMAIL: Contact Us Form Home | Policies and Regulations | Disclaimer | e-Government | FOIA | Contact Us Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, U.S.A Tel: (404) 639-3311 / Public Inquiries: (404) 639-3534 / (800) 311-3435