air travelers. These proposals

Air Travel Privacy Air Travel Privacy Latest News | Resources | Identification Schemes | Profiling | FOIA Documents | Other Documents | Analysis | Previous Files The right to travel is a part of the "liberty" of which the citizen cannot be deprived without due process of law under the Fifth Amendment ... Freedom of movement across frontiers in either direction, and inside frontiers as well, was a part of our heritage. Travel abroad, like travel within the country, may be necessary for a livelihood. It may be as close to the heart of the individual as the choice of what he eats, or wears, or reads. Freedom of movement is basic in our scheme of values. "Our nation," wrote Chafee, "has thrived on the principle that, outside areas of plainly harmful conduct, every American is left to shape his own life as he thinks best, do what he pleases, go where he pleases." -- Justice William O. Douglas, Kent v. Dulles (1958) Post-September 11, several measures have been considered to improve aviation security. Some of these proposals, such as improved training for airport screeners, checking all bags for bombs, strengthening cockpit doors, and placing air marshals on flights, do not implicate privacy interests and are sound security measures. Others, however, present privacy and security risks to air travelers. These proposals concern efforts to identify passengers and schemes to distinguish the "good guys" from the "bad." EPIC will make available on this page aviation security and privacy related documents it obtains from the government under the freedom of information law to promote and inform the public debate over these new schemes. In earlier responses to security threats the FAA issued a secret regulation that allowed airlines to demand photo identification and instituted a new profiling program called CAPPS (Computer Assisted Passenger Pre-screening System) based on travel data airlines routinely collected. See Previous Files . New proposals advocate using biometric credentials for "trusted travelers" and using extensive data mining of credit history, criminal records, and travel patterns to profile all airline passengers. NASA has even suggested developing "non-invasive neuro-electric sensors" or brain scans at the security gate to see if people are having suspicious thoughts. The stated goal of these new proposals is to rely on technology to reduce the "hassle factor" in airports and to reduce security threats. The core idea is to focus security resources on suspicious travelers, while ensuring that most people are not inconvenienced by heightened security. Terrorists, however, have been known to go to great lengths to look like most people. Former Transportation Security Agency chief John Magaw refused to endorse a "trusted traveler" card, fearing that it would be the first thing a terrorist will try to obtain. New profiling and identification programs will convert airport security into all-purpose police stops where criminals, deadbeat dads, and others seeking to avoid law enforcement for non-aviation security related reasons face the risk of being arrested. The basic structure of passenger profiling is to use an algorithm to determine indicators of characteristics or behavior patterns that are related to the occurrence of certain behavior. The CAPPS-II initiative will expand the range of databases searched for suspicious activity so that each airline passenger will be subjected to an extensive profiling. John Pointdexter's office in the Defense Department is considering developing a similar Total Information Awareness system. Each structural element of the CAPPS-II profiling system, however, raises a host of complex questions: Algorithm: What logic will be used? What is the basis for developing the algorithm? What are acceptable false positive and false negative rates? Indicators: What indicators are relevant? Are these indicators available? Who will collect and store the relevant indicators? Related: How are the indicators related to particular kinds of behavior? Is that relationship reliable? Behavior: Who determines what behavior should be targeted? What types of specific behavior will the system try to catch? In addition there are several technical issues such as how reliable is the data used to make profiling decisions? What kind of data should be collected and how long should the data be retained? Who will have access to the data and for what purposes? The policy issues also need to be addressed: what will be the rights of individuals to control their personally identifiable information? What recourse will be available for someone wrongly identified or denied a service? Will profiling based on deep data-mining stand up to charges of equal protection and due process violations? The new proposals directly implicate long standing constitutional protections under the fourth and first amendments, including the right to travel, and must be clearly understood and properly considered by the public. Latest News EPIC Joins Campaign Against Biometric Identification. Civil liberties organizations have sent a letter to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regarding their plans to include biometric identifiers such as fingerprints and facial scans on all newly issued electronic passports. The letter, organized by Privacy International , warns this will lead to the first truly global database of biometric information. For more information, read the letter from the Campaign, see EPIC's biometrics page, and read a story by the BBC . (Mar. 30) EPIC Suit Uncovers Watchlist Errors. EPIC has uncovered agency documents through the Freedom of Information Act that raise important questions about how the Transportation Security Administration currently operates the "No-Fly" watchlist. The concerns surrounding the agency's administration of the list previews several potential problems with the proposed roll out of CAPPS-II , the Enhanced Computer Assisted Passenger Pre-screening System. For more information, see EPIC's analysis of the FOIA documents. (Apr. 1) Senators Want Answers on Air Profiling. The Senate Commerce Committee has unanimously agreed to an amendment (pdf) by Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR) that would require the Transportation Security Administration to report to Congress on the privacy and civil liberties implications of the controversial CAPPS-II air passenger profiling system. See EPIC's Passenger Profiling page for more information. (Mar. 13) EPIC Comments on Air Travel Database. EPIC submitted comments on a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) proposal [PDF] to create a new database of Aviation Security Screening Records on all airline passengers. EPIC argued that the proposed system did not provide sufficient information for the public to contribute meaningfully to this rule-making procedure, and that the proposed system would infringe on the Constitutional right of association and travel. See TSA Docket for more information and public comments. (Feb. 24) EPIC Criticizes Gov't Rule on Citizen Travel. EPIC has filed comments [PDF] on the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)'s proposed rule to collect passenger manifest information on all international travelers, including American citizens and legal permanent residents. The comments argue that the proposed rule is legally deficient because the INS has not complied with the Privacy Act in creating this new "system of records." EPIC has asked the INS to reissue its notice and meet the requirements of the Privacy Act. The comments also note that, by collecting and sharing travel data about citizens, the INS is placing a burden on the right to travel and the rights of anonymous association. (Feb. 4, 2003) EPIC Files Suit for "No-Fly List" Information. Seeking information about aviation security watchlists, EPIC has filed a lawsuit [PDF] against the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) in federal court in Washington. The legislation creating TSA authorizes the agency to maintain such lists, which reportedly have been used to interfere with the travel of political activists. (Dec. 12, 2002) Resources EPIC's presentation for the National Academy's seminar on Concealed Threat Detection , March 2005. Transportation Security Agency Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2002 EPIC v. TSA FOIA Lawsuit seeking information on new identification and passenger profiling schemes Implementation of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act with a Focus on the 60-day Deadline for Screening and Checked Baggage House Transportation Committee, Subcommittee on Aviation, Jan. 23, 2002 Audit Reports on Aviation Security Office of Inspector General, Department of Transportation White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security web page. EPIC's Profiling Page. EPIC's National ID Page. EPIC's Biometrics Page. EPIC's Face Recognition Page. EPIC's Terrorism Page: Information on pending efforts in Congress to increase wiretapping and gather personal information. EPIC's new page on Surveillance of European Air Travelers . Identification Schemes Gilmore v. Ashcroft -- FAA ID Challenge Aviation Security Biometrics Working Group [see Steering Committee Analysis for detailed information on proposed biometric identification schemes] Airlines Plan Quick System For Identifying Passengers Washington Post , June 22, 2002 Smart Check-In Cuts Airport Lines Wired News , Feb. 5, 2001. [Trusted traveler schemes have been contemplated well before 9/11] Maximus Flysecure proposal Profiling Trading Freedom for Security . The New American Magazine , May 5, 2003. EPIC's new Passenger Profiling page. Air Security Focusing on Flier Screening . Washington Post , September 4, 2002. Intricate Screening Of Fliers In Works . Washington Post , Feb. 1, 2002. Carnival Booth: An Algorithm for Defeating the Computer-Assisted Passenger Screening System . MIT/Harvard Law School Student paper. Electronic Record Systems and Individual Privacy . U.S. Congress Office of Technical Assessment OTA-CIT-296. House Transportation Hearing on Airline Passenger Profiling . Feb. 27, 2002. ACLU Passenger Profiling Complaint Form Documents Obtained under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) EPIC Suit Uncovers Errors in TSA's Watchlist , April 2003. NASA Ames Research Center Northwest Airlines Briefing . December 10-11, 2001. Other Documents Final Report of the White House Commission. Initial Report of the White House Commission (September 9, 1996). Executive Order 13015 creating the White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security (August 22, 1996) ( PDF version ) Initial Federal Register notice of public meeting of White House Commission. Revised Federal Register notice announcing that part of the Commission's meeting will be closed to the public "in the interest of national security." 1994 statute authorizing FAA research into security matters (including "behavioral research") and exempting information relating to such research from disclosure under the FOIA. Analysis Image of a person scanned using a new x-ray device from AS&E. National Academy of Sciences report " Airline Passenger Security Screening: New Technologies and Implementation Issues " Paper on the limitations of profiling , Roger Clark, Australia National University. ACLU testimony before White House Commission on "Civil Liberties Implications of Airport Security Measures" (September 5, 1996). Letter to Privacy Journal editor Robert Ellis Smith from the FAA denying Smith's request for a copy of the FAA Security Directive on identification of airline passengers. HotWired article " Fear of Flying " on proposals. (September 11, 1996). Previous Files FAA Proposes Profiling Regulations. The Federal Aviation Administration published proposed regulations on April 19, 1999, governing "Security of Checked Baggage on Flights Within the United States." The draft rules detail the use of computer profiling techniques to identify suspicious passengers. Public comments can be filed until June 18, 1999. Airline Passenger Profiling Goes Into Effect. The Computer Assisted Passenger Screening System is scheduled to be phased in nationwide beginning on January 1. Under the system, passengers who "fit the profile" will be selected for heightened security measures, which can include a thorough search of their luggage, intrusive personal questioning, tagging of luggage with orange tape, and a physical escort from the check-in counter to the airport gate by security personnel. The ACLU is providing an online complaint form for passengers targeted by the profiling system. Microsoft Chief Architect Charles Simonyi tells what happens when you "fit the profile" (from Slate ). Proposed FAA rule for collecting personal information including name, address, Social Security Number, Date of birth and next of kin for every domestic passenger. General Account Office report, Aviation Safety and Security: Challenges to Implementing the Recommendations of the White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security (Testimony, 03/05/97, GAO/T-RCED-97-90). The Gore Commission has released its final report recommending passenger profiling. A coalition of 17 groups has sent a letter to Gore opposing ID checks, profiling, new x-ray technologies and excessive secrecy by the FAA in making decisions. EPIC Privacy Page | EPIC Home Page Last Updated: March 29, 2005 Page URL: http://www.epic.org/privacy/airtravel/default.html

golf vacations to Scotland,

Scotland Golf Ireland Golf British Open Golf Vacation Packages Pebble Beach Golf Ryder Cup Augusta National Masters Golf Tournament. [-SITEMAP-] WHY CHOOSE SGH GOLF? SGH Golf offers the finest golf vacations to Scotland, Ireland, Spain, the Masters Golf Tournament, British Open, Ryder Cup, Pebble Beach Golf Courses, and more! Please look through our website, as we are confident you will find a golf vacation destination to fulfill your dreams. SGH Golf will customize your vacation, sales meeting, or incentive trip to meet your specific needs. Whether you are planning to travel alone, with a few friends, or in a large group, SGH Golf will arrange your vacation and give you the special attention to detail you deserve. This individual attention has continually attracted people to SGH Golf for over 20 years and keeps them coming back! Why choose SGH Golf? Our courteous staff has many years of experience in the golf travel industry and it is our pleasure to assist you with your golf vacation plans. We take pride in our work as it provides our clients with memories to last a lifetime. We realize that you, the customer, are our most important asset. 100% customer satisfaction is our goal. Give us a call when you are ready to start planning and the rest is easy! Golf Scotland, Ireland golf, golf St. Andrews, Augusta National Masters Golf Tournament, Pebble Beach golf vacations, Ryder Cup packages and the British Open Golf Tournament are just some of the destinations and tournaments SGH Golf can arrange for you. We also arrange all trips to Scotland, Ireland, England, Spain, Portugal, The Masters Tournament, PGA Ryder Cup, British Open, US Open, Las Vegas, Pebble Beach, Palm Springs, Scottsdale, Arizona, Florida, Hilton Head, Charleston, and Mexico, just to name a few. Just imagine taking a golf vacation package or trip to some of the following courses all listed in the top 100 courses in the world. Scotland: St. Andrews Old Course, Muirfield, Royal Dornoch, Turnberry Ailsa, Carnoustie, Royal Troon, Kingsbarns, Loch Lomond, and Cruden Bay. Ireland: Royal County Down, Ballybunion Old Course, Royal Portrush, Portmarnock, and Lahinch. England: Royal St. Georges, Royal Birkdale, Sunningdale Old Course, Woodhall Spa, Royal Liverpool, Ganton, Wentworth, and Walton Heath. Spain: El Saler, Valderrama, and Sotogrande. Portugal: San Lorenzo. Alternatively, how about a golf vacation package in the US playing some of the top 100 courses such as: Pebble Beach, Pinehurst, TPC at Sawgrass, Shadow Creek, Spyglass Hill, Harbour Town, and Kiawah Island. We encourage you to experience all that this great game can offer, be it teeing off at St Andrews Old Course or watching the final match at the Ryder Cup. Take it from us, a one week golf vacation package will make for a lifetime of memories!! Intl. Offices: Glasgow, Scotland. Dublin, Ireland. Marbella, Spain. USA: South Carolina, Georgia, North Carolina, Florida, Arizona, Colorado Privacy Policy Terms & Conditions © 2006 SGH Golf Inc. - 9403 Kenwood Road, Suite C110 - Cincinnati, Ohio 45242-9921 - Tel: 1.800.284.8884

Taiwan Travel

IgoUgo: Taiwan Tourism, Things To Do In Taiwan, Taiwan Travel Earn rewards for every review and photo you submit Log in Register Home Destinations Activities Photos Travel Deals Community Web Search -- Search for Advanced Search S E A R C H O P T I O N S search the web only IgoUgo.com Taiwan -- Select a destination -- Alishan Hsin-chu Kaohsiung Taipei Taroko Gorge Wulai Taiwan (general) Browse Destinations: Top Destinations Alishan Lodging , Activities , more Hsin-chu Lodging , Activities , more Kaohsiung Lodging , Activities , more Taipei Lodging , Activities , more Taiwan (general) Lodging , Activities , more Taroko Gorge Lodging , Activities , more Wulai Lodging , Activities , more Marriott Hotel Enjoy stylish luxury hotels with Marriott's new rooms. Book now. www.Marriott.com Taipei Hotel Hotel Photos, Info & Virtual Tours Find the Hotel You Want at Expedia www.Expedia.com Taipei Biz Class $1819 RT Fly from Los Angeles LAX. Major Carrier. Taxes Included. AsiaGoBiz.com Featured Destination: Taipei Overview Lodging Dining Photos Activities Culture Nightlife Meeting Place Featured Member Taipei Photo -- Member Geo Walker writes: Vacation in Taipei, although often overlooked by tourists, can be a wonderful experience (once you adapt to the weather). The city bustles with… read more Write about Taipei and earn GO Points SM ! Taiwan Hotels Discount Book Now your Hotel Room in Taiwan Extra Low Rates Guaranteed ! AsiaRooms.com Taipei Hotel Best Price Guarantee on Cheaptickets Select Hotel Rates. www.CheapTickets.com Experts in Taiwan hotels Big Savings - Discount up to 70%. Quality hotels at wholesale rates. www.xcessasia.com Destinations in Taiwan Destination Total Journals Destination Total Journals Alishan 1 Hsin-chu 1 Kaohsiung 1 Taipei 19 Taroko Gorge 4 Wulai 1 Taiwan (general) 5 Taiwan Photos -- About Us Advertise Contact Us Help/FAQ Partners Playground Press Lounge Sites We Like -- Sites We Like Terms and Conditions 2000-2005 IgoUgo, Inc.

Austria Travel

Austria. At Last! Site Map | Meeting & Incentive | Professionals | Jobs | Your Country Portal: ----------------------- Österreich Australia België (nl) Belgique (fr) Canada Česká republika China Hrvatska Danmark Deutschland España France India Italia Japan Korea Magyarország Malaysia Nederland Polska România Russia Schweiz Singapore Slovensk republika United Arab Emirates Israel Slovenia Sverige Taiwan Thailand UK & Ireland USA All other countries Macromedia Flash Player: DOWNLOAD Macromedia Flash Player: DOWNLOAD -- Hotline: USA: 212 944-6880 Canada: 416 967-3381 Brochure Request Brochure Download E-Mail: travel@austria.info Register to get the latest information and travel deals. Home The longing for a vacation in Austria cannot be easily explained, sketched or demonstrated. Our friends, the two penguins Joe & Sally are the manifestation of this desire. They are curious and fascinated by the appeal of discovering a destination and the unknown - the wonderful quality of a truly Austrian experience. Joe and Sally are well travelled. In fact they have been practically everywhere and seen everything there is to see. Finally, the two are experiencing the wealth of enjoyment Austria has to offer. Go ahead and discover Austria - the most charming travel destination! If you are looking for an agent with excellent knowledge about Austria, we can help. Every year we educate travel agents across the U.S. & Canada, who graduate from our intensive course on Austria and are designated Austria Experts. More Celebrate the 40th anniversary of The Sound of Music . This great 2-disc set is brimming with all-new special features, incl. audio commentary by Julie Andrews & Christopher Plummer, SINGALONG karaoke subtitles and much more... More ...and clebrate his 250th birthday with us with great celebrations staged throughout Austria ...book now and celebrate with us... More Arranging your trip to Austria is easy. We have compiled great Travel opportunities specially for you... More Add information marked with to the Suitcase. and listen to Jeremy Irons presenting Mozart... More buy your tickets online... More make your reservation now... More ...get ready and buy travel literature for your stay in Austria... More About Us | Press | Contact | Imprint/Disclaimer (c) 2005 by Österreich Werbung - All rights reserved.

Europe Travel by month

Europe Travel Guide Europe Travel Guide 'I want to travel in Europe... I'm only going to a graveyard, but it's a most precious graveyard' Dostoevski Europe Travel by month | Why Travel to Europe? | Europe Map | European Walking Tours Kumuka WORLDWIDE offer 24 different itineraries throughout Europe covering the major European cities. Tours range from an eleven day 'Escapade' to a forty three day 'Bonanza'! Kumuka Worldwide: visit their website | see their European Adventures | request a free brochure Europe Travel Guide Austria Travel Guide - best May-Sept, worst Jan, Feb, see also Vienna Belgium Travel Guide - best May-Sept, worst Jan, Feb, see also Brussels Czech Republic Travel Guide - best Apr-June, Sept, worst July, Aug, see also Prague Denmark - best May-Sept, worst Jan, Feb; see Copenhagen Finland Travel Guide - best June-Sept, worst Jan, Feb; see also Helsinki France Travel Guide - best April-July, Sept, worst Jan, Feb, August; see also Paris Germany Travel Guide - best May -Oct, worst Jan, Feb. see also Berlin | Heidelberg Greece Travel Guide - best March-June, Sept, Oct. Worst Nov-March; see also Athens Hungary Travel Guide - best May-Oct, worst Nov-Feb; see also Budapest Iceland Travel Guide - best June-Aug, worst Jan, Feb; see also Reykjavik Ireland Travel Guide - best May-Sept, worst Nov- Feb; see also Dublin Italy Travel Guide - best March-Sept, worst Dec- Feb. See also Florence | Rome | Venice Netherlands - best April-Oct, worst Jan, Feb; see also Amsterdam Norway Travel Guide - best May-Sept, worst Nov-Feb; see also Oslo Portugal Travel Guide - best April-Sept, worst Nov-Feb; see also Lisbon Russia Travel Guide * - best May-Sept, worst winter; see also St.Petersburg | Moscow Spain Travel Guide - best April-June, Sept, Oct. Worst Aug, Dec- Feb; see also Barcelona | Madrid | Seville Sweden - best May-Sept, worst Jan, Feb; see also Stockholm Switzerland - best June-Sept for summer and Dec-March for snow activities. UK Travel Guide - best Apr-Sept, worst Nov-Feb; see also Edinburgh | London Turkey Travel Guide* - best April-Nov, worst Dec-Feb; see also Istanbul * These countries are partly in Europe! Photo:Venice Carnival, Italy Travel to which best Europe cities in these months: January February March April May June July August September October November December So what has Europe Travel got to offer you? Architecture: This crammed and chaotic part of the world has a stunning variety of architectural styles, both public buildings and private. From Paris' Eiffel Tower to the cramped but characterful canalside housing of Amsterdam, from Barcelona's melting Sagrada Familia to Venice's decaying palazzos, and from London's Houses of Parliament to Vienna's backstreets, the area has the greatest concentration of sensational old buildings in the world. And don't forget some amazing post-modern architecture too, ranging from Bilbao's wacky Guggenheim museum to Berlin's crystal Reichstag. Walkabout: most Euro city centres are compact, reasonably well preserved and have developed car-free or car-limited pedestrian areas that make travelling around the city centres a pleasure. And then there's Venice... History: 2,000 years of brutal, fascinating history lurks behind the civilized facades of most Euro cities. World changing civilizations like ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, Napoleonic France, Victorian England, Turkey's Ottoman Empire, Spain's conquistadors and Germany's Third Reich rose and fell in Europe - and the scars are still visible. Culture: The cultural heritage on show in every Euro city is staggering. Among the world beating museums and galleries are St Petersburg's Hermitage, Paris' Louvre, London's British Museum, Madrid's Prado, Istanbul's Topkapi palace, and Rome's Vatican. In most cases the building housing these treasures are treasures themselves. Cuisine: European cuisine has also given the world some everlasting icons. Taste the original pizza in Italy, caviar in Russia, roast beef in Britain, coffee in Vienna, croissants in France, sausage in Germany. Then go and have a Macdonald's if you must... Style: Style and fashion are a dynamic part of everyday life in much of the Euro zone too. From London's punk to Paris' haut couture to Italian leather to Scandinavian minimalism, the creative process is constantly being pushed to the limit. Shopping in the right places in Euro cities will yield styles ranging from wild and wacky avant garde to perfect classical, though prices often require deep pockets. Festivals: Europe's cities also offer a rich crop of strange and wonderful festivals, like the Bull Running in Pamplona [Spain], the masked Carnival in Venice [Italy], Edinburgh's [Scotland] huge and crazy International Festival, Salzburg's [Austria] prestigious music Festival and... Escape: Finally, when you're tired of the cities, there's plenty of travel interest in the countryside: castles and palaces and ancient ruins and mountains and lakes and sports of every description to refresh you before you go back to the cities. 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