Spain Travel

Welcome to the don Quijote website. Spanish Courses. | SPANISH COURSES | | DESTINATIONS | | INCLUDED SERVICES | | OUR GUARANTEES | | LEARN SPANISH ONLINE | Receive a don Quijote free brochure Surname: First Name: Address: City: ZIP: State: Country: SELECT AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA ALGERIA AMERICAN SAMOA ANDORRA ANGOLA ANTIGUA ANTILLES ARGENTINA ARMENIA ARUBA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN BAHAMAS BAHRAIN BANGLADESH BARBADOS BELGIUM BELIZE BELORUSSIA BENIN BERMUDA BHUTAN BOLIVIA BONAIRE BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BOTSWANA BRAZIL BULGARIA BURKINA FASO BURMA BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CANADA CAPE VERDE CAYMAN ISLANDS CHAD CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA CONGO, DEM. REP. OF THE CONGO, REP. OF THE COSTA RICA CROATIA CUBA CURAAO CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK DJIBOUTI DOMINICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR EGYPT EL SALVADOR EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITREA ESTONIA ETHIOPIA FALKLAND ISLANDS FAROE ISLANDS FIJI ISLANDS FINLAND FRANCE FRENCH GUIANA FRENCH POLYNESIA GABON GAMBIA GEORGIA GERMANY GHANA GIBRALTAR GREECE GREENLAND GRENADA GUADELOUPE GUAM GUATEMALA GUINEA GUINEA BISSAU GUYANA HAITI HAWAII HOLLAND HONDURAS HONG KONG HUNGARY ICELAND INDIA INDONESIA IRAN IRAQ IRELAND ISRAEL ITALY IVORY COAST JAMAICA JAPAN JORDAN KAZAKHSTAN KENYA KIRIBATI KUWAIT KYRGYZSTAN LAOS LATVIA LEBANON LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MACEDONIA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALAYSIA MALDIVES MALI MALTA MARTINIQUE MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MAYOTTE MEXICO MICRONESIA MOLDOVA MONACO MONGOLIA MORROCO MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA NEPAL NEW CALEDONIA NEW ZEALAND NICARAGUA NIGER NIGERIA NORWAY OMAN PAKISTAN PALESTINE PANAMA PARAGUAY PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL PUERTO RICO QATAR REUNION ROMANIA RUSSIA RWANDA SAINT LUCIA SAN MARINO SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SLOVAKIA SLOVENIA SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH KOREA SPAIN SRI LANKA ST. KITTS AND NEVIS St. MARTEEN ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES SUDAN SURINAM SWAZILAND SWEDEN SWITZERLAND SYRIA TAIWAN TAJIKISTAN TANZANIA THAILAND THE UNITED KINGDOM THE UNITED STATES TOGO TONGA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TUNISIA TURKEY TURKMENISTAN TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS UGANDA UKRAINE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES URUGUAY USA UZBEKISTAN VANUATU VENEZUELA VIETNAM VIRGIN ISLANDS (UK) VIRGIN ISLANDS (US) WEST INDIES YEMEN ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE Email: Studying Spanish with don Quijote is more than learning the world's second most-used language. It also means having a wonderful experience and making friends from all over the world -all assets for life. Learn Spanish in Latinamerica Mexico Peru Argentina Bolivia More...... Learn Spanish in Spain Courses Destinations Included Services Our Guarantees Learn Spanish Online Dictionaries Word of the day Verb Conjugator Spanish Lessons Test your level Spanish Jokes Spanish Games "In Salamanca I had a great time. Not only I learned the Spanish language/culture but I made some friends for life too. It was really a fantastic period!" More opinions of our students © 1996 - 2005 don Quijote S.L. All rights reserved.   |  Affiliate Program  |

Travel Advice UK Embassies

Foreign & Commonwealth Office Home Most popular sections... Careers with the FCO Country Profiles FCO Strategy Foreign Embassies in the UK Latest News Links Travel Advice UK Embassies Overseas UKVisas i-uk.com The purpose of the FCO is to work for UK interests in a safe, just and prosperous world. We do this with some 16,000 staff, based in the UK and our overseas network of over 200 diplomatic offices. ANNIVERSARY OF INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI – MESSAGE FROM JACK STRAW(26/12/05) 'I would like to express the government's, and my own, sympathy to those who have suffered bereavement, injury or trauma due to the terrible events of Boxing Day 2004', said Jack Straw, in a statement issued on the anniversary of the Indian Ocean tsunami. More... 'THE CENTRAL ROLE THAT MUSLIMS PLAY IN THIS COUNTRY' - STRAW, LAUNCH OF HAJJ 2006(20/12/05) 'I believe that there is a shared sense of community in Britain', said Jack Straw, at the launch of the seventh Hajj Delegation. Mr Straw said that the Hajj 'highlights the extent to which we in Britain live in a truly multi-cultural multi-religious society' and is 'a symbol of the central role which Muslims play in the life of this country.' More... Travel Advice: Read the latest updates by country. Photos: See the updated photo library of FCO Ministers. Video: Watch the latest 'Know Before You Go' TV advertisement. BOXING DAY 2004 TSUNAMI ANNIVERSARY Our tsunami section has a large amount of information regarding the Boxing Day 2004 tsunami, including help for bereaved families and assistance for people thinking of visiting the area. The Foreign Secretary made a statement on 26 December, marking the anniversary of the Tsunami . EU BUDGET PLANS IN DETAIL The UK Presidency has published revised proposals on the Financial Perspectives 2007 - 2013, which have been agreed following the European Council meeting on 15-16 December. For more information visit the UK Presidency of the EU 2005 website. UK Trade & Investment - The Government organisation helping international businesses realise their potential. UKvisas - Delivering a modern visa service. Number Ten website. - The website of the Prime Minister, Tony Blair. -- Main switchboard/ General enquiries: 020 7008 1500 Services for Britons Overseas: 020 7008 0210 (office hours only) Travel advice: 0845 850 2829 (BT-4p per min, other networks vary) Visa enquiries: 020 7008 8438

France Travel in September

France in September - Monthly Calendar and French Travel and Vacation Planner  You are here: About > Travel > France for Visitors > Things to Do in France > France Monthly Calendar > France in September - Monthly Calendar and French Travel and Vacation Planner Travel Go France Essentials New Year's Eve in Paris and France Worst of France 2005 Paris Travel Guide Top French Ski Resorts Best New Year's Eve Champagne Articles & Resources Destinations Trip Planning Transportation Interests & Situations Money, Safety & Issues Things to Do in France Where to Stay in France Staying Connected Blogs Picture Galleries Culture, Language & People Fun, Freebies & Quizes Relocating to France Nudism, Sex & Gay Travel D-Day & Historic Travel Buyer's Guide Before You Buy Top Picks Sites Selling French Products Before You Buy the Gift of Travel Gifts for the France Fanatic Product Reviews Forums Help FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the France for Visitors newsletter! See Online Courses   Search France for Visitors Stay up to date! Email to a friend Print this page Suggested Reading France in July France in August Holidays and Events in France Related Blogs Dispatches from France Blog Paris Blog French Word-a-Day Blog La Coquette Blog Chroniques dune Fraise Nice Blog Rsidence Les Marronniers Provence Blog L'Oiseau Blog Chocolate and Zucchini Blog Forty Days in Paris Blog Most Popular "Naked City" Christmas in Paris Photo Tour Paris Sex District Top Paris Attractions Christmas in France What's Hot New Year's Eve in France Paris Gay Pride Parade Host A France-Themed Party Nice, France Photo Gallery Camping in France Related Topics Europe for Visitors French Language French Cuisine Honeymoons / Romantic Getaways Wine France Travel in September From Kelby Carr , Your Guide to France for Visitors . FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! Slower Tourist Season, Cooler Temperatures and Lower Rates are High Points September is a simply divine month to visit France. The tourist season is winding down, but you still get most of the positive aspects of summertime like warm weather and extended hours at attractions. The prices at hotels and for airfare start to dip a little. The evenings, especially in the north, begin to have that cool, crisp touch to the air. There are numerous events, the highlight of which is the ferias, or bullfighting festivals, of the South of France. Anyone who loves Paris in the springtime would have to adore it as fall starts to tinge the tips of the French leaves. Weather The weather can range from hot summertime temperatures to characteristically cool fall nights. Mostly, the weather is pleasantly moderate. There are major variations in climate depending on where you are in France, but here are weather averages for some major cities: Paris : Average high temperature is 21 degrees celsius/70 degrees farenheit, and the average low is 13 celcius, 55 farenheit. Average rainfall is 53 millimeters, or 2.1 inches. Nice : Average high temperature is 24 degrees celsius/75 degrees farenheit, with the average low at 17 degrees celcius/62 degrees farenheit. Average precipitation is 66 millimeters, or 2.6 inches. Bordeaux : Average high temperature is 23 degrees celsius, 73 degrees farenheit, and the average low is 12 celcius/53 farenheit. Average precipitation is 84 millimeters, or 3.3 inches. Strasbourg : Average high temperature is 21 degrees celsius, or 69 degrees farenheit, and the average low is 11 celcius/51 farenheit. Average precipitation is 61 millimeters, or 2.4 inches. What to pack It can be challenging to pack for France, particularly if you will visit multiple cities. For the most part, this is a moderate time of year. Be prepared for extremes, as you could encounter hot days or cool nights. Your packing list should include: A hot weather outfit A sweater or light jacket Good walking shoes Get more ideas with my Packing Tips . Why to go in September Enjoy the quiet as most European (and American) tourists return to work and school The weather is usually warm and mild All museums and attractions are open, usually still with extended summertime hours Rates start to go down on lodging and airfare Why not to visit France in September You may encounter some cool weather, or even downright chilly temperatures Weather is less predictable Events and festivals Basque Country Music Festival , (August 28-September 10 in Saint-Jean-de-Luz ) is one of France's premier music festivals and is situated in one of the country's prettiest small cities. Piano aux Jacobins (September 6-29 in Toulouse ), a festival devoted to classical piano music featuring numerous concerts at the Jacobins cloister. Feria du Riz or Rice Feria, (September 9-11 in Arles) is a showcase of bullfighting traditions in Southern France. Well after fans leave the arena, the party continues into the night in this lively Provence city. Here, you not only find running of the bulls, but they are also guarded by the lovely Camargue horses. Paris Techno Parade , (September 10 in Paris) is France's second most popular music festival and an ode to techno music. It is part of the Rendez-Vous Electroniques Festival (from September 8-18). Jazz a Beaune , (September 14-18 in Beaune), a wonderful indulgence on the local Burgundy wines and jazz music. There are also classes offered, both on wine tasting and the jazz masters. Feria des Vendanges or Grape Harvest Feria, (September 16 to 18, Nimes) is another festive bullfighting festival in a city jam-packed with historic attractions. Sauerkraut Festival , (September 16-17 in Brienne-le-Chateau) is a splendid homage to the Aube region, which produces much of France's sauerkraut annually. Heralding the Harvest , (September 18 in Saint-Emilion) marks the start of the harvest in one of France's key wine-producing areas. The highlights include a mass and a torchlight evening tour of the town.        Topic Index | Email to a Friend Our Story | Be a Guide | Advertising Info | Work at About | Site Map | Icons | Help User Agreement | Ethics Policy | Patent Info. | Privacy Policy | Kids' Privacy Policy ©2005 About, Inc., A part of the New York Times Company . All rights reserved. Around About New Video iPod - Review POLL: Must-Have Gadgets VIDEO: Portable Gaming VIDEO: Choosing a TV Hugh Hefner's Life What's Hot New Year's Eve in France Paris Gay Pride Parade Host A France-Themed Party Nice, France Photo Gallery Camping in France

Orlando vacation villa or

Looking for an orlando vacation villa? Try this US vacation villa and hotels directory - add your url on Seniority.co.uk Main Directory Entertainment Fun & Games Health Home & Hobbies Money News & Tech Shopping Sport Travel Directory \ Advertise With Us WEBSITE OWNERS: Click here to see 100% FREE Videos that show you how I make $21,797/Mo. online.. Directory Travel Accommodation Americas Add your site Looking for an Orlando vacation villa or hotel in the States? Try this US vacation villa and hotels directory 1 of a Kind Luxury Condo In Hawaii with Ocean Views Aloha! Come visit Maui and stay in a spacious 2200 square foot 2 bedroom condo with spectacular sunset ocean views. http://www.mauiluxury.com A Disney vacation home in Orlando Florida A Disney vacation home in Orlando Florida http://www.arielsoasis.com Accommodation and booking a room in Cuba and Havana Through Havana Homestay, you will have a budget alternative during your stay in Cuba. You will be able to book a room in my house. http://www.havanahomestay.com Accomodations In Whistler, BC Visit us for quality accomodations in beautiful Whistler, BC, Canada. Find out why Whistler, BC is the home of the 2010 winter olympics with world class skiing and golfing in the summer. http://www.whistler-condo-rentals-online.com/ Adventures: Dominican Republic: Cheap Accommodations We offer basic accommodation for a very affordable price. Excellent location for hiking, biking, golf, horseback riding, tours, camping with breath taking views of the mountains that surround us. http://www.adventures-tours.com Affordable Barbados Vacations Ground floor garden-view studio located on the picturesque Club Rockley Golf Resort. Walk to magnificent beaches, shops, restaurants and St. Lawrence Gap, Barbados entertainment district. http://www.greatbarbadosvacations.com All Inclusive Bahamas Hotels and Resorts Trip 2 Bahamas.com - Vacation deals on Bahamas hotels and resorts. http://www.trip2bahamas.com Bali Premier Villas Your guide to the best places to stay in the best place on earth. http://www.balipremiervillas.com Best Las Vegas Hotels Information and resources about the most popular Las Vegas hotels and casinos. http://www.bestlasvegashotels.info Cape Cod Vacation Rentals in Massachusetts Get away to majestic sand dunes and beautiful beaches of the Cape Cod National Seashore near Provincetown and Hyannis. Sun, sand, surf, swim, sail, seafood, sleep, repeat. http://www.eventidemotel.com Casa Yoses Hostel in San Jose, Costa Rica Casa Yoses location is surrounded by tons of restaurants, bars, and stores, just off the University of Costa Rica and the San Pedro Mall. http://www.casayoses.com Cheap Hotels Over 28000 United States of America hotels, motels and other accommodations are available with secure online reservations http://www.hotels-united-states.com Cheap Hotels & Motels Save upto 70% on all your U.S. Hotel Motel Needs http://www.thebesthoteldeals.net/ Cheap Vacation Packages - Offering over 5,000 Luxury Vacation Condo rental properties World Wide at deeply discounted rates. http://www.mrvacationdiscounts.com Chicago Hotels - Discount Downtown Chicago Hotels Offers Discount Hotels in Chicago and Downtown Chicago Hotels, Save Rates Up to 70% Off. Guaranteed Lowest Rates. http://www.hotels-downtown-chicago.com City Perfect Hotels Rapid Hotel Search and some of the best rates on the Internet - guaranteed. Easy Online Booking. http://www.cityperfect.com Comox Valley Vancouver Island Bed and Breakfast B&B and vacation rental accommodations on Vancouver Island, BC, Canada http://www.bed-breakfast-vancouver-island.com Cotococha Amazon Lodge - Ecuador - Jungle Tours Live Amazon Life in style! All inclusive packages, excursions, rafting and much more.. http://www.cotococha.com Directory of Bahamas vacation rental homes Privately owned vacation rental homes directory http://www.getawaybahamas.com Dominican Republic Hotels - Information and reservations. Explore our collection of Dominican Republic hotels. Book online your Dominican Republic hotels. http://www.hotel-dominicanrepublic.com fabvillas.com - Florida Villa Rentals Specialists in providing superior quality attraction area vacation homes. http://www.fabvillas.com Florida Holiday villa Florida Holiday villa in Sunridge Woods Orlando close to Disney and Kissimmee, Golf at Champions Gate, Universal Studios and Sea World. Self catering vacation accommodation. http://www.1stfloridahome.com Florida Keys Vacation Rentals Florida Keys vacation property listings in the Florida Keys and the Lower Keys. http://www.keystothesearealty.com/ Florida Vacation Homes & Vacation Rentals Vacation rentals and Florida vacation homes, Orlando villas, condos, and holiday villas near Disney World. Luxury Florida vacation rentals at hotel prices and vacation specials. http://www.sunshine-magic.com Florida vacation rentals, direct from the owner Browse our online directory of Florida vacation rentals and villas, booking direct with the owner can save you money. Many luxury homes to choose from. http://www.villas2000.com Florida vacation villa, Orlando luxury 4 bedrm, 3 bathrm, near Disney Beautiful private villa, sleeps 10(max)2 master bedrooms both with en-suite, ideal for two families. 28ft screened pool, easy access to all attractions. http://www.tivoli-villa-florida.co.uk Florida villas villas for rent in the sunshine state of Florida http://www.villas-spain-rentals.com/florida/ Florida villas to Rent A great resource for finding that perfect Florida villa to rent, direct from the owners. http://www.villas-to-rent-in-florida.co.uk Florida Villas with Worldwide Holiday Homes Wide range of Florida villas and condos in the Sunshine state of Florida. Book direct with the owner. http://www.holiday-rentals.uk.com/florida-villas.html Fripp Island Vacation Rental The beach is 80 feet away and the pool is just outside your door. Great pool and ocean view from the upstairs balcony and patio. Enjoy the beach and swimming pool, riding the bikes, seeing the deer and dolphins, birds, and other wildlife. http://www.FrippIslandVilla.com Global timeshare solutions Florida's Dream Vacation Marketing Firm, Global Timeshare Solutions is a dominating force in the vacation ownership business. Whether you're buying, renting, or selling your timeshare, we can facilitate all your needs. Global Timeshare Solutions has a dedicated marketing and sales team with over 100 years of combined experience. http://www.globaltimesharesolutions.com/index.php Hawaii Beach Vacation Rental Sea Mountain Resort overlooks the Pacific Ocean and is within walking distance of Punalu'u Black Sand Beach, #3 of the Top Ten Hawaiian Beaches. http://hawaii-beach-vacation.us Hawaii Beach Vacation Rental, Oahu Our Hawaii Beach Vacation Rental location is ideal: the beautiful white, powdery sands of Waimanalo Beach are a 100 yards away. http://vacation-rental.name HolidaysOrlando Orlando Villas to rent 5 bedroom with pool and games room less than 15 minutes from Disney. http://www.holidaysorlando.eu.com Hotels in Las Vegas Las Vegas hotel booking services at cheaper rates that suit your budget. http://www.luckylasvegashotels.com Magical Destinations Orlando! - Vacation Home Rentals Near Disney World Florida vacation homes rentals near Disney World. We offer fully furnished luxury vacation pool homes at great rates. Book yours today! http://www.magicaldestinationsorlando.com Midtown Apartments, Buenos Aires, Argentina Fully equipped and furnished apartments for short term rental in Buenos Aires. Ideal for tourists and travellers. http://www.midtownba.com.ar/ Nanaimo Vancouver Island Bed and Breakfast B&B and vacation rental accommodations on Vancouver Island, BC, Canada http://www.nanaimo-bed-breakfast.com Orlando Florida Vacation Villa Rental Five bedroom, four bathroom villa available to rent. Private pool. Air conditioning. Close to all attractions http://www.orangeblossomvillas.com Orlando Vacation Holiday Homes Villas, Condos, Houses, Accommodation, to rent near Walth Disney World and Universal Studios http://www.milkriver.co.uk Orlando4Villas - Florida Villa Rentals Find Orlando Villas near disney-Rent Florida Holiday Homes 3-7 bedrooms,visit orlando4villas first. http://www.orlando4villas.com Peru Lima Hotels - Basadre Suites Hotel San Isidro Lima Peru 3 Stars Peru Lima Hotel Located in San Isidro The Attractive Business And Residential district of Lima. If you are looking for a good Lodging. Ask for Online Reservations Now. http://www.hotelbasadre.com Relax In Rentals - The Vacation Rental By Owner Community View the finest vacation rentals in North America. From beach houses and bungalows in Hawaii and Florida to Spectacular cabins in Alaska. http://www.relaxinrentals.com Romantic Santa Cruz Bed and Breakfast Inn A perfect bed and breakfast retreat in the heart of the historic district. Downtown Santa Cruz, California. http://www.adobeongreen.com Sosua vacation rentals / Dominican Republic Vacation apartments and villas between Sosua and Cabarete at the dominican northcoast in gated comminity for rent. http://www.sosuarentals.com/ Southern Palms Orlando vacation villa where you can enjoy the holiday of a lifetime, close to all major attractions http://www.southern-palms.com Taylor Hotel - Budget Hotel in San Francisco Budget hotel near Union Square offers online hotel reservations, cheap accommodations at discount rates for value oriented travelers and student. http://www.sanfrancisco-budgethotel.com/ Tigligli guadeloupe vacation rental FWI Bungalows rentals in Guadeloupe located at Bouillante by the tropical forest of the national Park. Natural scuba diving reserve.H andicap accessible. http://www.tigligli.com Villas in St Lucia, Caribbean Private villa or apartment to suit every need. The local beach, shops, bars and restaurants are only a short walk away. http://www.villasinstlucia.com Villas Near Disney World Orlando Florida Luxury villas near Disney World, Orlando Florida. Private pool, just minutes from theme parks http://www.ownersinflorida.com Whistler Ski Accommodation Offers a wide variety of ski accommodation in Whistler, BC, North America's #1 ski resort http://www.holidaywhistler.com Windward International Corporation Travel Management company specializing in meetings and incentives, corporate events and conferences. http://www.gowindward.com Add your site OVER 50s ADVERTISING | PRIVACY | Ts & Cs | SITEMAP | ADD YOUR URL | CONTACT Seniority.co.uk Ltd. The UK's favourite over 50s website. All rights reserved

air travelers. These proposals

Air Travel Privacy Air Travel Privacy Latest News | Resources | Identification Schemes | Profiling | FOIA Documents | Other Documents | Analysis | Previous Files The right to travel is a part of the "liberty" of which the citizen cannot be deprived without due process of law under the Fifth Amendment ... Freedom of movement across frontiers in either direction, and inside frontiers as well, was a part of our heritage. Travel abroad, like travel within the country, may be necessary for a livelihood. It may be as close to the heart of the individual as the choice of what he eats, or wears, or reads. Freedom of movement is basic in our scheme of values. "Our nation," wrote Chafee, "has thrived on the principle that, outside areas of plainly harmful conduct, every American is left to shape his own life as he thinks best, do what he pleases, go where he pleases." -- Justice William O. Douglas, Kent v. Dulles (1958) Post-September 11, several measures have been considered to improve aviation security. Some of these proposals, such as improved training for airport screeners, checking all bags for bombs, strengthening cockpit doors, and placing air marshals on flights, do not implicate privacy interests and are sound security measures. Others, however, present privacy and security risks to air travelers. These proposals concern efforts to identify passengers and schemes to distinguish the "good guys" from the "bad." EPIC will make available on this page aviation security and privacy related documents it obtains from the government under the freedom of information law to promote and inform the public debate over these new schemes. In earlier responses to security threats the FAA issued a secret regulation that allowed airlines to demand photo identification and instituted a new profiling program called CAPPS (Computer Assisted Passenger Pre-screening System) based on travel data airlines routinely collected. See Previous Files . New proposals advocate using biometric credentials for "trusted travelers" and using extensive data mining of credit history, criminal records, and travel patterns to profile all airline passengers. NASA has even suggested developing "non-invasive neuro-electric sensors" or brain scans at the security gate to see if people are having suspicious thoughts. The stated goal of these new proposals is to rely on technology to reduce the "hassle factor" in airports and to reduce security threats. The core idea is to focus security resources on suspicious travelers, while ensuring that most people are not inconvenienced by heightened security. Terrorists, however, have been known to go to great lengths to look like most people. Former Transportation Security Agency chief John Magaw refused to endorse a "trusted traveler" card, fearing that it would be the first thing a terrorist will try to obtain. New profiling and identification programs will convert airport security into all-purpose police stops where criminals, deadbeat dads, and others seeking to avoid law enforcement for non-aviation security related reasons face the risk of being arrested. The basic structure of passenger profiling is to use an algorithm to determine indicators of characteristics or behavior patterns that are related to the occurrence of certain behavior. The CAPPS-II initiative will expand the range of databases searched for suspicious activity so that each airline passenger will be subjected to an extensive profiling. John Pointdexter's office in the Defense Department is considering developing a similar Total Information Awareness system. Each structural element of the CAPPS-II profiling system, however, raises a host of complex questions: Algorithm: What logic will be used? What is the basis for developing the algorithm? What are acceptable false positive and false negative rates? Indicators: What indicators are relevant? Are these indicators available? Who will collect and store the relevant indicators? Related: How are the indicators related to particular kinds of behavior? Is that relationship reliable? Behavior: Who determines what behavior should be targeted? What types of specific behavior will the system try to catch? In addition there are several technical issues such as how reliable is the data used to make profiling decisions? What kind of data should be collected and how long should the data be retained? Who will have access to the data and for what purposes? The policy issues also need to be addressed: what will be the rights of individuals to control their personally identifiable information? What recourse will be available for someone wrongly identified or denied a service? Will profiling based on deep data-mining stand up to charges of equal protection and due process violations? The new proposals directly implicate long standing constitutional protections under the fourth and first amendments, including the right to travel, and must be clearly understood and properly considered by the public. Latest News EPIC Joins Campaign Against Biometric Identification. Civil liberties organizations have sent a letter to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regarding their plans to include biometric identifiers such as fingerprints and facial scans on all newly issued electronic passports. The letter, organized by Privacy International , warns this will lead to the first truly global database of biometric information. For more information, read the letter from the Campaign, see EPIC's biometrics page, and read a story by the BBC . (Mar. 30) EPIC Suit Uncovers Watchlist Errors. EPIC has uncovered agency documents through the Freedom of Information Act that raise important questions about how the Transportation Security Administration currently operates the "No-Fly" watchlist. The concerns surrounding the agency's administration of the list previews several potential problems with the proposed roll out of CAPPS-II , the Enhanced Computer Assisted Passenger Pre-screening System. For more information, see EPIC's analysis of the FOIA documents. (Apr. 1) Senators Want Answers on Air Profiling. The Senate Commerce Committee has unanimously agreed to an amendment (pdf) by Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR) that would require the Transportation Security Administration to report to Congress on the privacy and civil liberties implications of the controversial CAPPS-II air passenger profiling system. See EPIC's Passenger Profiling page for more information. (Mar. 13) EPIC Comments on Air Travel Database. EPIC submitted comments on a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) proposal [PDF] to create a new database of Aviation Security Screening Records on all airline passengers. EPIC argued that the proposed system did not provide sufficient information for the public to contribute meaningfully to this rule-making procedure, and that the proposed system would infringe on the Constitutional right of association and travel. See TSA Docket for more information and public comments. (Feb. 24) EPIC Criticizes Gov't Rule on Citizen Travel. EPIC has filed comments [PDF] on the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)'s proposed rule to collect passenger manifest information on all international travelers, including American citizens and legal permanent residents. The comments argue that the proposed rule is legally deficient because the INS has not complied with the Privacy Act in creating this new "system of records." EPIC has asked the INS to reissue its notice and meet the requirements of the Privacy Act. The comments also note that, by collecting and sharing travel data about citizens, the INS is placing a burden on the right to travel and the rights of anonymous association. (Feb. 4, 2003) EPIC Files Suit for "No-Fly List" Information. Seeking information about aviation security watchlists, EPIC has filed a lawsuit [PDF] against the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) in federal court in Washington. The legislation creating TSA authorizes the agency to maintain such lists, which reportedly have been used to interfere with the travel of political activists. (Dec. 12, 2002) Resources EPIC's presentation for the National Academy's seminar on Concealed Threat Detection , March 2005. Transportation Security Agency Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2002 EPIC v. TSA FOIA Lawsuit seeking information on new identification and passenger profiling schemes Implementation of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act with a Focus on the 60-day Deadline for Screening and Checked Baggage House Transportation Committee, Subcommittee on Aviation, Jan. 23, 2002 Audit Reports on Aviation Security Office of Inspector General, Department of Transportation White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security web page. EPIC's Profiling Page. EPIC's National ID Page. EPIC's Biometrics Page. EPIC's Face Recognition Page. EPIC's Terrorism Page: Information on pending efforts in Congress to increase wiretapping and gather personal information. EPIC's new page on Surveillance of European Air Travelers . Identification Schemes Gilmore v. Ashcroft -- FAA ID Challenge Aviation Security Biometrics Working Group [see Steering Committee Analysis for detailed information on proposed biometric identification schemes] Airlines Plan Quick System For Identifying Passengers Washington Post , June 22, 2002 Smart Check-In Cuts Airport Lines Wired News , Feb. 5, 2001. [Trusted traveler schemes have been contemplated well before 9/11] Maximus Flysecure proposal Profiling Trading Freedom for Security . The New American Magazine , May 5, 2003. EPIC's new Passenger Profiling page. Air Security Focusing on Flier Screening . Washington Post , September 4, 2002. Intricate Screening Of Fliers In Works . Washington Post , Feb. 1, 2002. Carnival Booth: An Algorithm for Defeating the Computer-Assisted Passenger Screening System . MIT/Harvard Law School Student paper. Electronic Record Systems and Individual Privacy . U.S. Congress Office of Technical Assessment OTA-CIT-296. House Transportation Hearing on Airline Passenger Profiling . Feb. 27, 2002. ACLU Passenger Profiling Complaint Form Documents Obtained under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) EPIC Suit Uncovers Errors in TSA's Watchlist , April 2003. NASA Ames Research Center Northwest Airlines Briefing . December 10-11, 2001. Other Documents Final Report of the White House Commission. Initial Report of the White House Commission (September 9, 1996). Executive Order 13015 creating the White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security (August 22, 1996) ( PDF version ) Initial Federal Register notice of public meeting of White House Commission. Revised Federal Register notice announcing that part of the Commission's meeting will be closed to the public "in the interest of national security." 1994 statute authorizing FAA research into security matters (including "behavioral research") and exempting information relating to such research from disclosure under the FOIA. Analysis Image of a person scanned using a new x-ray device from AS&E. National Academy of Sciences report " Airline Passenger Security Screening: New Technologies and Implementation Issues " Paper on the limitations of profiling , Roger Clark, Australia National University. ACLU testimony before White House Commission on "Civil Liberties Implications of Airport Security Measures" (September 5, 1996). Letter to Privacy Journal editor Robert Ellis Smith from the FAA denying Smith's request for a copy of the FAA Security Directive on identification of airline passengers. HotWired article " Fear of Flying " on proposals. (September 11, 1996). Previous Files FAA Proposes Profiling Regulations. The Federal Aviation Administration published proposed regulations on April 19, 1999, governing "Security of Checked Baggage on Flights Within the United States." The draft rules detail the use of computer profiling techniques to identify suspicious passengers. Public comments can be filed until June 18, 1999. Airline Passenger Profiling Goes Into Effect. The Computer Assisted Passenger Screening System is scheduled to be phased in nationwide beginning on January 1. Under the system, passengers who "fit the profile" will be selected for heightened security measures, which can include a thorough search of their luggage, intrusive personal questioning, tagging of luggage with orange tape, and a physical escort from the check-in counter to the airport gate by security personnel. The ACLU is providing an online complaint form for passengers targeted by the profiling system. Microsoft Chief Architect Charles Simonyi tells what happens when you "fit the profile" (from Slate ). Proposed FAA rule for collecting personal information including name, address, Social Security Number, Date of birth and next of kin for every domestic passenger. General Account Office report, Aviation Safety and Security: Challenges to Implementing the Recommendations of the White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security (Testimony, 03/05/97, GAO/T-RCED-97-90). The Gore Commission has released its final report recommending passenger profiling. A coalition of 17 groups has sent a letter to Gore opposing ID checks, profiling, new x-ray technologies and excessive secrecy by the FAA in making decisions. EPIC Privacy Page | EPIC Home Page Last Updated: March 29, 2005 Page URL: http://www.epic.org/privacy/airtravel/default.html