Argentina Travel: Build yourself

Travel to Argentina: Information on the country Argentina www.spanishcourses.info www.spanishcourses.info not only provides information on Argentina , but also information on countries, cities and Spanish courses and an independent directory of language schools in Spain and Latin America . » CLICK HERE to go to the information on Argentina with complete navigation environment. Classiefied ads with photos to meet people from Argentina, find friends, pratise Spanish (language exchange) or travel together. » More information inside - click here General information on Argentina Argentina Information on Argentina » View map of Argentina Argentina, the country between the mountains of the Andes and the Atlantic Ocean, with its fantastic capital Buenos Aires, its Pampas and Gauchos, the famous wine of the Mendoza region and the Patagonian landscapes in the south. » List of Spanish language schools in Argentina » Press, newspaper, television channels and radio in Argentina » Conjugate regular and irregular Spanish verbs Inhabitants: 38.740.807 Money: Peso Argentino (ARS) Spoken languages: Spanish Borders with (Country names in original language): Chile, Uruguay, Brasil, Bolivia, Paraguay Capital: Buenos Aires Typical products: Red wine of Mendoza, Argentine steaks Geography of Argentina Argentina can roughly be divided into three parts: The fertile plains of the Pampas in the northern half of the country, the centre of Argentina's agricultural wealth; the flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in the southern half down to Tierra del Fuego; and the rugged Andes mountain range along the western border with Chile, with the highest point being the Cerro Aconcagua at 6,960 m. Pampa Plains A plains region interrupted only by the the small mountains of Tandil and La Ventana sierras. Its tourist potential is mainly reflected on the big city of Buenos Aires. An industrial and commercial pole that offers an intense cultural activity. Besides the large number of beaches on the Atlantic Coast in the Pampas region, Tandil and Ventana offer an impressive landscape. Photo provided by Nicols Ariel Zonvi Mar del Plata Film Festival If you like the movies, you can come to one of the most important Spanish-speaking film festivals in a beautiful coastal city on the banks of the sea. The Mar del Plata Film Fest is a perfect conjunction of art, theory, critical, market, industry and popular assembly. Projection of National and international movies Awards for producers, actors and directors. The “Ombú” Award of gold, silver and platinum is given with the presence of foreign and national artists. The festival is organized by the National Institute of Movies and Visual Arts. (See link below) Information provided by CICLO Buenos Aires Central Sierras The Region of the Sierras is peppered with small mountains crossed by plentiful rivers, streams and artificial lakes. There are many small cities and villages to visit and explore. Adventure tourism, swimming and water sports are the main activities to take part in. Photo provided by cordoba.net Cuyo It is an arid mountainous region, which is cut by plentiful rivers that make up majestic canyons such as that of the Atuel Canyon. Rafting, mountaineering, trekking and many other adventure activities are all possible here. Excellent ski resorts such as that of Las Leñas Valley. Visits to wineries. Northeast Cascades, rapids and waterfalls are the main features of Iguazu Falls. The Littoral offers numerous beaches, islands and ideal places to practice swimming and water sports. There are thermal fountains and hot springs in several cities. Andean Patagonia The mountainous Patagonia region, peppered with natural lakes, glaciers and woods is one of the most astounding landscapes of Argentina. Excellent for adventure tourism activities like trekking, rafting, and mountaineering. Water sports and excursions in its numerous lakes. There are excellent snow skiing resorts such as Chapelco, Mount Cathedral and many hot springs soak in after. Atlantic Patagonia The eastern part of Patagonia that borders with the Atlantic Ocean and sometimes called the Patagonian Plateau, posseses a very distinct relief. An area rich in sea life. In the northern area, you will find good beaches for swimming with comfortable water temperatures. Scuba diving is one of the other important attractions. The Gaucho The word "gaucho" was used in the regions of the River Plate, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil,(although there the word is gaúcho) to name the horse riders of the planes or "pampas", who kept cattle. The origin of this word is not very clear. "Guahu-che" is the most popular one and means "people who sings sadly"; it comes form araucano and denotes melancholy. The ‘gaucho’ is the fruit of the mixture of Spanish and aborigine blood; he started to create his own personality in the primitive vaquerías of the colonies. There he learned the tasks connected to cattle rising with a singular skill and founded his body to his inseparable friend: the horse. He spends most of the time on horseback, which is why he hates agriculture, since he must be standing all day long. His indomitable value made him the bases of the South American Independence. He was a shepherd in times of peace and a soldier in times of war. The big area of the "pampas" planes finally moulds his conduct. He is very free, of simple habits and leads a wandering life. That freedom which he faces his life with brings back to him a lot of misfortunes. He was excluded for a long time, but as time passes by he was popularly accepted and the word gaucho is now synonym of uprightness and nobility of heart. Information provided by CICLO Buenos Aires Photo provided by CICLO Buenos Aires The China (gaucha) The "Gaucha" is also called "China". She was the loyal companion of the "gaucho". Her occupation was to grow corn, watermelon and onion. She baked their bread and used the mortar and pestle for crushing the charque, the wheat and corn. She brought up the children and she also wove her companion’s ponchos. She was as a good rider as he was. She used to wear a cotton shirt, underskirt and headscarf. She usually wore two braids. Sometimes she would also wear a loose and low-cut dress. She liked smoking. Information provided by CICLO Buenos Aires Photo provided by CICLO Buenos Aires City Info and cities with Spanish languge schools in Argentina: Bariloche Crdoba Gualeguaych Mendoza Santa Fe Buenos Aires Links - Argentina: »www.iberospanish.com Spanish school BERO (Buenos Aires) »www.set-idiomas.com.ar Spanish school SET IDIOMAS (Crdoba) »www.academiabuenosaires.com Spanish school Acad. Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires) » www.camuniaviajes.com These pages will guide you in the search of the tourist destination that you want, with great variety of accomodations and activities that can be carried out during your vacations in Argentina. » www.travelsur.net Argentina Vacation - Argentina Travel: Build yourself a trip to Argentina or choose from our ready made packages. » www.literatura.org Contemporary literature of Argentina (Website in Spanish only) » www.mardelplatafilmfest.com Mar del Plata Film Festival - One of the more important Spanish-speaking film festival » To add a link Travel Service - Argentina » Find cheap flights to Argentina » Rent a car in Argentina » Find a hotel in Argentina www.spanishcourses.info www.spanishcourses.info not only provides information on Argentina , but also information on countries, cities and Spanish courses and an independent directory of language schools in Spain and Latin America . » CLICK HERE to go to the information on Argentina with complete navigation environment. » Esta pgina sobre Argentina en espaol (This page about Argentina in Spanish) » Diese Seite ber Argentinien in deutsch (This page about Argentina in German) Spanish courses and language schools worldwide - HOME » close ad spanishcourses.info launches club-buenosaires.com It's Summer It's cheapest It's Tango ... It's more ... It's B u e n o s A i r e s We help you to find the most convenient Spanish school the most suitable accommodation an appropriate flight That's what we can do for you. » Click for more information www.spanishcourses.info www.spanishcourses.info Learn and study Spanish with Spanish courses in Spain and Latin America www.spanishcourses.info is an independent directory of Spanish language schools from all over the world - All school information provided by the schools themselves. » www.spanishcourses.info - HOME (with complete navigation menu) ۞ In other languages: » Esta pgina sobre Argentina en espaol (This page about Argentina in Spanish) » Diese Seite ber Argentinien in deutsch (This page about Argentina in German) Spanish courses INFO brings to you: Information on countries and cities all over the world, where you can study abroad and learn Spanish Presentations of Spanish language schools with photos, courses, accommodations, and fees Contact the schools DIRECTLY and for FREE (without any intermediary) Many language programs with information and descriptions of them and a link to their own homepage Spanish regular and irregular verbs - tenses online provided by the schools A lot of links to interesting web sites about the countries and cities Book flights and hotel reservation services check flight and hotel availability for your Spanish speaking destination. Classified ads to find people to practise Spanish, travel together or make new friendships. Next country: » Description of the country Bolivia » Press, TV and radio stations of Bolivia » Spanish language schools in Bolivia Previous country: » Description of the country Venezuela » Press, TV and radio stations of Venezuela » Spanish language schools in Venezuela » www.spanishcourses.info - HOME (with complete navigation menu) Spanish & Family in Mlaga (Spain) Homestay with a Spanish family in Malaga (Spain) Sometimes it could be cheaper and more effective: Select the school you want and organise your homestay in a Spanish family during your Spanish language course by your own! » More information

air travel 23 May

WHO | Summary of SARS and air travel All WHO This site only Home About WHO Countries Health topics Publications Research tools WHO sites EPR Home Alert & Response Operations Diseases Global Outbreak Alert & Response Network International Health Regulations Laboratory & Epidemiology Strengthening Preparedness for Deliberate Epidemics Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR) Country activities | Outbreak news | Resources | Media centre WHO WHO sites Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) printable version Summary of SARS and air travel 23 May 2003 This document addresses the main concerns of the public at large with regard to the risk of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) transmission to passengers and/or crew embarking on an international voyage particularly from an area of recent local transmission . A more detailed account of the specific measures the World Health Organization (WHO) is recommending is available in the Weekly Epidemiological Record dated 4 April 2003. WHO has been working closely with international air transport organizations, including ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) and IATA (International Air Transport Association), to provide accurate information in a timely manner to all persons involved in international air travel in order to further reduce the risk of spreading the disease by this means. Risk of SARS transmission in flight The risk of transmission in aircraft is very low. To date, symptomatic probable SARS cases on four flights have been associated with possible transmission onboard. Two of these flights preceded WHO's 15 March 2003 emergency travel advisory, and since 23 March 2003 and the introduction of WHO-recommended screening measures by public health authorities no further cases of SARS in flight have been documented. A key factor in reducing the risk is for passengers and crew to be aware of the main symptoms of SARS which include high fever (38 °C, 100.4 °F), cough, shortness of breath or breathing difficulties. Measure for persons with symptoms compatible with SARS prior to departure WHO has recommended that passengers or crew who develop symptoms compatible with SARS postpone their travel until fully recovered. WHO further recommends that public health authorities ensure that areas with recent local transmission introduce exit screening measures, which may include temperature checks for all passengers and crew. Preventing symptomatic passengers from travelling minimizes what risk there is. Finally, contacts of probable SARS cases should not undertake travel (national or international) for a 10-day period following exposure. In-flight precautions and measures Personal hygiene All passengers and crews should observe good personal hygiene. Wash hands frequently, particularly before eating. If passengers or crew cough or sneeze while onboard, they should cover their mouth and nose, and wash their hands afterwards. Face masks Current evidence indicates that a person infected with SARS is not infectious to others unless s/he has symptoms. Therefore, WHO does not recommend the use of masks by asymptomatic passengers or crew. However, WHO recommends that passengers or crew presenting with symptoms compatible with SARS during a flight from an area with recent local transmission: 1) wear a protective face mask * ; 2) be isolated, as far as possible, from other passengers; and 3) be given access to a toilet cordoned off for their exclusive use. WHO also recommends that the designated crew member(s) caring for a person with symptoms compatible with SARS wear a protective face mask*, gloves and eye protection (e.g. tight-fitting goggles or face shield). Measures on arrival of a flight with a suspected case of SARS The Captain of an aircraft with a person presenting symptoms compatible with SARS onboard should radio the airport of destination so that appropriate arrangements may be made for reception and management by public health authorities. Passenger disembarkation may be delayed upon arrival while the medical officer at the airport of destination examines the patient. Following an assessment by public health authorities, passengers and crew may be required to provide their contact details for the next 14 days. All passengers and crew who are otherwise healthy should be allowed to continue their onward journey. If the ill passenger or crew member is confirmed as a probable case of SARS, public health authorities should notify contacts using the contact details provided. Risk of infection from handling baggage or goods belonging to a SARS case There is no evidence to date to suggest that a person can be infected with SARS from handling baggage or goods, as the major route of transmission is close face-to-face contact with a SARS probable case. Aircraft ventilation The configurations of the air circulation system for commercial aircraft are designed to the specifications of international aviation regulations, as well as guidelines of aircraft manufacturers: Circulation: In flight, fresh air is introduced into the cabin continuously. The entire cabin air volume is exchanged every three minutes. Airflow: The airflow movement is designed to minimize the potential for spreading of bacteria and viruses through the cabin. Filter: Most major airlines install HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filters which are highly efficient in removing dust and airborne contaminants such as droplets, bacteria and large microbes. This means that the spread of all microbes is minimized inside the cabin. Disinfection of aircraft Following a flight with a suspected SARS case, it is recommended that the aircraft be thoroughly cleaned following procedures established by local public health authorities which must involve the strict cleansing and disinfecting of the zone of risk in the cabin area (i.e. seats, headrests, tabletops, handsets, and other materials coming in contact with the suspected case) where the case was seated, as well as all shared facilities. The virus that causes SARS loses infectivity after exposure to commonly used disinfectants. * N/R/P 95/99/100 or FFP 2/3 or an equivalent national manufacturing standard (NIOSH (N,R,P 95,99,100) or European CE EN149:2001(FFP 2,3) and EN143:2000 (P2) or comparable national/regional standards applicable to the country of manufacture. About WHO | -- Employment | Other UN Sites | Search | Suggestions | RSS | Privacy © World Health Organization 2005. 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golf vacations and discount

Golf Resorts and Destinations from Fairmont FAIRMONT GOLF VACATION DESTINATIONS Our destinations feature some of the greatest golf courses in the world. Select A Destination ... ----- USA Aventura, FL Scottsdale, AZ Kohala Coast, HI Wailea, HI Sonoma, CA ----- Canada Banff, AB Jasper, AB La Malbaie, QC Montebello, QC Mont-Tremblant, QC St. Andrew's, NB Whistler, BC ----- Bermuda Southampton ----- Barbados St. James St. James ----- Mexico Acapulco Acapulco FAIRMONT GOLF NEWS > FEATURED GOLF PACKAGES David Leadbetter Golf Package The David Leadbetter Golf Academy's Summer Tour is on the road with Fairmont. Visit your favorite David Leadbetter instructor while enjoying a luxury hotel experience. FAIRMONTSPA RESORTS Fairmont Reservations : 1-800-257-7544 [ More Numbers ] Welcome to Fairmont Golf Destinations Destination Map Explore our worldwide golf resort locations and select the perfect destination. The Chateau Whistler Golf Club The Fairmont Acapulco Princess Word-class service is what you will experience at Chateau Whistler Golf Club. Whether you are part of a foursome, or coordinating a shotgun golf tournament, Chateau Whistler Golf Club's professional team will ensure that your expectations are exceeded and your day will be one to remember. Chateau Whistler Resort offers modern luxury blended with the old style harmony of a turn of the century chateau. Fine cuisine is assured as is a myriad of non-golfing activities such as glacier skiing, fishing, hiking, swimming, tennis and mountain biking. The Fairmont Acapulco Princess and Pierre Marques feature 36 holes of golf just steps from the Pacific Ocean. Fantastic ocean views, beaches, and golf all make this one of the best destinations in Mexico. Considered two of the world's finest resorts, The Fairmont Acapulco Princess and The Fairmont Pierre Marques offer a wide range of excellent facilities, exemplary dining in six restaurants and a peaceful oasis on 480 magnificent acres just 20 minutes outside of downtown Acapulco. From the lush tropical winds that cascade off the Pacific, to the soaring mountains that safeguard the Canadian West. From the brilliant sunsets that paint the Arizona desert, to the serenity that rolls down the hills of Sonoma. No matter the location, Fairmont Hotels & Resorts is the proud proprietor of some of the finest golf courses in the western hemisphere. Fairmont offers you trademark golf vacations and discount golf packages that are certain to leave any golfer yearning to experience the next round at yet another breathtaking course. The golf courses of Fairmont Hotels & Resorts owe much to their spectacular locales and also to the incredible men who designed them. Regardless of the era, our courses have been crafted by some of the finest architects in the game: Stanley Thompson, Robert Trent Jones (both Sr. and Jr.), Thomas McBroom, Jay Morrish and Tom Weiskopf. Renowned for reflecting the grandeur of the natural surroundings, our golf courses have been designed to enhance the landscape and environment from which they emerge. Whether a hole hugs a shoreline, creating a tricky approach shot, or climbs the side of a mountain to a daring green, you will discover layouts that intrigue your senses and challenge your game. Indeed you may also discover some shots that you didn't know were in your repertoire. Whether firing off the tee at The Fairmont Acapulco Princess or lining up a put at the Fairmont Algonquin, our courses will create and inspire a golf experience sure to remain with you long after you’ve returned home. Fairmont Hotels & Resorts © 2003. home | golf resorts | about fairmont | contact us | sitemap

South America Travel

CANOE Travel - South America -- December 28, 2005 Canada USA Mexico Central America Caribbean Africa Asia Australia/Oceania Europe South America Tips Trends Cybertrips Q&A Books -- Active Vacations Adventure Art Cruises Cultural Cybertrips -- Fall Getaways Families Golf Holidays Romantic Ski More -- Bed & Breakfast VIA Rail Canada All-Inclusive Vacations starting from C$747 Discount Travel Deals Tips on managing your debt -- Contest E-cards Newsletter Forum Feedback Weather Currency Calculator Passport Canada Info Canada Customs Info Travel Health Tips World Airports Guide Atevo Travel Guide Great Canadian Lakes Great Canadian Parks Great Canadian Places Great Canadian Rivers Natural Tourist Park Wardens Ski Canada -- South America Feature Destination: RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil Brazil exhibit honours lady in tutti-frutti hat Long before supermodel Gisele Bundchen exploded onto the fashion world, the original Brazilian bombshell had already detonated : Carmen Miranda. Now, on the 50th anniversary of her death, the Modern Art Museum is hosting "Carmen Miranda Forever," an exhibition honouring the Hollywood star that introduced Brazil and outrageous, fruit-laden turbans to moviegoers everywhere. FULL STORY More to Ecuador than Galapagos The Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador are among the world's most famous destinations, a once-in-a-lifetime trip near the top of many travellers' wish-lists. FULL STORY SouthAmerica -- Forever tango Seventy-eight-year-old Carlos Lazzari is the Gordie Howe of tango music in Buenos Aires. His talent shows. When Lazzari picks up his bandoneon, the lightning quick tango steps of the dancers on stage step up to an ever more frantic pace. FULL STORY SouthAmerica -- Ski season's not over yet Hold on, don't put those skis away just yet. The season is just approaching south of the Equator, and a little research on the Web can take you to spots such as the Andes Mountains resort of Portillo, Chile. FULL STORY SouthAmerica -- PHOTO GALLERY: South America Click here to enlarge photo and view full Travel Gallery. Friendly smiles outshine scenic beauty Though it's widely accepted that those who live on Canada's East Coast are some of the friendliest on earth, it took a firsthand experience to get this cynical Southern Ontarian to truly understand. FULL STORY More In My Travels Share Your Travel Stories Attention Canoe Travel readers! We want to hear about your vacation. What made it good? What would you recommend others to avoid? Give us a short story (500 to 1,000 words) about your travels, and we might publish it here. Add your photos too! Submit stories now -- ADVERTORIAL -- 'Paris of the South' Wonders of Patagonia Brazil's other Carnival A symphony on the sea Where legends live More South America Headlines -- The Prairies: Sculpted by glaciers Like the adjoining Boreal Plains to the north, glaciers have largely flattened the land here, leaving behind a thick layer of dark, humus-rich topsoil that has made the Prairies very fertile, and created Canada's most extensive agricultural region. But it is mainly because of farming that the once ubiquitous grasslands, the northern limit of the Great Plains of North America, are now mostly gone. FULL STORY More in Park Wardens Dec 28: Evolution of banjo from hollow gourd featured in Washington art exhibit Dec 28: Christmas tree catches fire at Disneyland hotel; more than 2,000 evacuated Dec 27: Union representing striking Mont-Tremblant resort workers wants better offer Dec 27: Shroud of Turin, the original ice-cream bar among Olympic city's attractions Dec 26: Azerbaijan Airlines suspends flights by Ukrainian-built plane after crash Dec 25: Iran holding German, French tourists whose boat strayed into its waters Dec 24: Christmas spirit returns to Bethlehem for 1st time in six years Dec 24: Mont Tremblant tells striking workers: offer good for a few more days Dec 23: Tsunami's destruction also brings promise of renewal to remote Indian territory More Travel News Headlines [an error occurred while processing this directive] New Year's Eve Deals Still Available Toronto to Santiago de Cuba $597 + tx $199 Toronto to Camaguey $597 + tx $199 Toronto to Puerto Plata $497 + tx $274 Vancouver to Varadero $835 Calgary to Mazatlan $579 -- Click here to sell your vehicle hotelier.ca Get great deals on hotels with hotelier.ca

South America Travel

Destinations: Tropical South America | CDC Travelers' Health Home About CDC Press Room Funding A-Z Index Centers, Institute & Offices Training & Employment Contact Us CDC en Español Search: Travelers' Health Travelers' Health Home > Destinations > Tropical South America Health Information for Travelersto Countries in Tropical South America On This Page Vaccines for Your Protection Diseases Found in Tropical South America Other Health Risks What You Need To Bring With You Staying Healthy During Your Trip After You Return Home For More Information Travel Notices in Effect Yellow Fever: Venezuela, South America (Released November 4, 2005) U.S. Department of State See all Traveler's Health travel notices Vaccines for Your Protection: Tropical South America Routine Vaccinations Check with your healthcare provider: you and your family may need routine as well as recommended vaccinations. Before travel, be sure you and your children are up to date on all routine immunizations according to schedules approved by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice (ACIP). See the schedule for adults and the schedule for infants and children . Some schedules can be accelerated for travel. See your doctor at least 4–6 weeks before your trip to allow time for shots to take effect. If it is less than 4 weeks before you leave, you should still see your doctor. It might not be too late to get your shots or medications as well as other information about how to protect yourself from illness and injury while traveling. Recommended Vaccinations and Preventive Medications The following vaccines may be recommended for your travel to Tropical South America. Discuss your travel plans and personal health with a health-care provider to determine which vaccines you will need. Hepatitis A or immune globulin (IG). Transmission of hepatitis A virus can occur through direct person-to-person contact; through exposure to contaminated water, ice, or shellfish harvested in contaminated water; or from fruits, vegetables, or other foods that are eaten uncooked and that were contaminated during harvesting or subsequent handling. Hepatitis B , especially if you might be exposed to blood or body fluids (for example, health-care workers), have sexual contact with the local population, or be exposed through medical treatment. Hepatitis B vaccine is now recommended for all infants and for children ages 11–12 years who did not receive the series as infants. Malaria: your risk of malaria may be high in these countries, including some cities. See your health care provider for a prescription antimalarial drug. For details concerning risk and preventive medications, see Malaria Information for Travelers to Tropical South America . Rabies , if you might have extensive unprotected outdoor exposure in rural areas, such as might occur during camping, hiking, or bicycling, or engaging in certain occupational activities. Typhoid vaccine. Typhoid fever can be contracted through contaminated drinking water or food, or by eating food or drinking beverages that have been handled by a person who is infected. Large outbreaks are most often related to fecal contamination of water supplies or foods sold by street vendors. As needed, booster doses for tetanus-diphtheria and measles . Required Vaccinations Yellow fever is present in this region and vaccination is recommended if you travel to the endemic zones in any of these countries. A certificate of yellow fever vaccination may be required for entry into certain countries if you have visited an endemic area. For detailed information, see Comprehensive Yellow Fever Vaccination Requirements . Also, find the nearest authorized U.S. yellow fever vaccine center . Diseases found in Tropical South America (risk can vary by country and region within a country; quality of in-country surveillance also varies) Malaria An Anopheles freeborni mosquito takes a blood meal. Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. Humans get malaria from the bite of a mosquito infected with the parasite. Prevent this serious disease by seeing your health care provider for a prescription antimalarial drug and by protecting yourself against mosquito bites ( see below ). Your risk of malaria may be high in these countries, including some cities. Travelers to malaria-risk areas, including infants, children, and former residents of South America, should take an antimalarial drug. Chloroquine is the recommended drug for Paraguay. Travelers to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela should take one of the following antimalarial drugs: (listed alphabetically): atovaquone/proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, or primaquine (in special circumstances). For additional information on malaria risk and prevention, see Malaria Information for Travelers to Tropical South America . Yellow Fever Yellow fever is present in this region and vaccination is recommended if you travel to the endemic zones. A certificate of yellow fever vaccination may be required for entry into certain countries if you have visited an endemic area. For detailed information, see Comprehensive Yellow Fever Vaccination Requirements . Also, find the nearest authorized U.S. yellow fever vaccine center . Food and Waterborne Diseases Avoid buying food or drink from street vendors, because it is relatively easy for such food to become contaminated. Make sure your food and drinking water are safe. Food and waterborne diseases are the primary cause of illness in travelers. Travelers’ diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites, which are found throughout Tropical South America and can contaminate food or water. Infections may cause diarrhea and vomiting ( E. coli , Salmonella , cholera , and parasites), fever ( typhoid fever and toxoplasmosis), or liver damage ( hepatitis). Brucellosis is occasionally seen in travelers, most commonly acquired through eating or drinking contaminated milk products. Additional information: see the Safe Food and Water page for a list of links. Other Disease Risks Dengue , filariasis , leishmaniasis , onchocerciasis , and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) are other diseases carried by insects that also occur in this region. Epidemics of viral encephalitis and dengue fever occur in some countries in this area. Bartonellosis, or Oroya fever (a sand fly-borne disease), occurs in arid river valleys on the western slopes of the Andes up to 3,000 meters (9,842 feet). Louse-borne typhus, a rickettsial infection is often found in mountain areas of Colombia and Peru. Protecting yourself against insect bites ( see below ) will help to prevent these diseases. Schistosomiasis, a parasitic infection that can be contracted in fresh water in this region, is found in Brazil, Suriname, and north-central Venezuela. Do not swim in fresh water (except in well-chlorinated swimming pools) in these countries. (For more information, please see Swimming and Recreational Water Precautions .) If you visit the Andes Mountains, ascend gradually to allow time for your body to adjust to the high altitude, which can cause insomnia, headaches, nausea, and altitude sickness. In addition, use sunblock rated at least 15 SPF, because the risk of sunburn is greater at high altitudes. Other Health Risks Injuries Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury among travelers. Protect yourself from motor vehicle injuries: avoid drinking and driving; wear your safety belt and place children in age-appropriate restraints in the back seat; follow the local customs and laws regarding pedestrian safety and vehicle speed; obey the rules of the road; and use helmets on bikes, motorcycles, and motor bikes. Avoid boarding an overloaded bus or mini-bus. Where possible, hire a local driver. What You Need To Bring With You Long-sleeved shirt, long pants, and a hat to wear whenever possible while outside, to prevent illnesses carried by insects (e.g., malaria , Dengue , filariasis , leishmaniasis , and onchocerciasis ). Insect repellent containing DEET . Bed nets treated with permethrin. For use and purchasing information, see Insecticide Treated Bednets on the CDC malaria site. Overseas, permethrin or another insecticide, deltamethrin, may be purchased to treat bed nets and clothes. Flying-insect spray to help clear rooms of mosquitoes. The product should contain a pyrethroid insecticide; these insecticides quickly kill flying insects, including mosquitoes. Iodine tablets and portable water filters to purify water if bottled water is not available. See Preventing Cryptosporidiosis: A Guide to Water Filters and Bottled Water for more detailed information. Sunblock, sunglasses, and a hat for protection from harmful effects of UV sun rays. See Skin Cancer Questions and Answers for more information . Prescription medications: make sure you have enough to last during your trip, as well as a copy of the prescription(s) or letter from your health-care provider on office stationery explaining that the medication has been prescribed for you. Always carry medications in their original containers, in your carry-on luggage. Be sure to bring along over-the-counter antidiarrheal medication (e.g., bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide) and an antibiotic prescribed by your doctor to self-treat moderate to severe diarrhea. See suggested over-the-counter medications and first aid items for a travel kit . Staying Healthy During Your Trip Travelers should take the following precautions To stay healthy, do... When using repellent on a child, apply it to your own hands and then rub them on your child. Avoid children's eyes and mouth and use it sparingly around their ears. Wash your hands often with soap and water or, if hands are not visibly soiled, use a waterless, alcohol-based hand rub to remove potentially infectious materials from your skin and help prevent disease transmission. In developing countries, drink only bottled or boiled water, or carbonated (bubbly) drinks in cans or bottles. Avoid tap water, fountain drinks, and ice cubes. If this is not possible, learn how to make water safer to drink . Take your malaria prevention medication before, during, and after travel, as directed. (See your health care provider for a prescription.) To prevent fungal and parasitic infections, keep feet clean and dry, and do not go barefoot, even on beaches. Always use latex condoms to reduce the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Protect yourself from mosquito insect bites: Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats when outdoors. Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats. Use insect repellents that contain DEET (N, N-diethylmethyltoluamide). For more information about insect repellents and correct use, see What You Need to Know about Mosquito Repellent on the CDC West Nile Virus site . If no screening or air conditioning is available: use a pyrethroid-containing spray in living and sleeping areas during evening and night-time hours; sleep under bed nets, preferably insecticide-treated ones. If you are visiting friends and relatives in your home country, see additional special information about malaria prevention in Recent Immigrants to the U.S. from Malarious Countries Returning 'Home' to Visit Friends and Relatives on the CDC Malaria site. Do not Do not eat food purchased from street vendors or food that is not well cooked to reduce risk of infection (i.e., hepatitis A and typhoid fever). Do not drink beverages with ice. Avoid dairy products, unless you know they have been pasteurized. Do not swim in fresh water to avoid exposure to certain water-borne diseases such as schistosomiasis. (For more information, please see Swimming and Recreational Water Precautions .) Do not handle animals, especially monkeys, dogs, and cats, to avoid bites and serious diseases (including rabies and plague). Consider pre-exposure rabies vaccination if you might have extensive unprotected outdoor exposure in rural areas. For more information, please see Animal-Associated Hazards . Do not share needles for tattoos, body piercing or injections to prevent infections such as HIV and hepatitis B. After You Return Home If you have visited a malaria-risk area, continue taking your antimalarial drug for 4 weeks (chloroquine, doxycycline, or mefloquine) or seven days (atovaquone/proguanil) after leaving the risk area. Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. If you become ill with a fever or flu-like illness either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after you return home (for up to 1 year), you should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the physician your travel history. For More Information For more information about these and other diseases, please check the Diseases page and CDC Health Topics A-Z Diseases carried by insects Dengue : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=dengue.htm : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=lyme.htm Malaria information for Travelers to Tropical South America : http://www.cdc.gov/travel/regionalmalaria/tropsam.htm Malaria Frequently asked questions : http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/faq.htm Malaria Prescription Drugs : http://www.cdc.gov/travel/malariadrugs.htm : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=plague.htm Yellow fever : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=yellowfever.htm Diseases carried in food or water : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=madcow.htm Cholera : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=cholera.htm Escherichia coli diarrhea : http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/escherichiacoli_g.htm Hepatitis A : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=hav.htm Schistosomiasis : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=schisto.htm Typhoid fever : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=typhoid.htm Diseases from person-to-person contact Hepatitis B : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=hbv.htm HIV/AIDS prevention : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=hivaids.htm HIV-infected travelers (in The Immunocompromised Traveler) : http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=special&obj=hivtrav.htm&cssNav=browseoyb Important: This document is not a complete medical guide for travelers to this region. Consult with your doctor for specific information related to your needs and your medical history; recommendations may differ for pregnant women, young children, and persons who have chronic medical conditions. Date: November 4, 2005 Content Source: National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine Destinations Vaccinations Diseases Yellow Book Safe Food and Water Illness and Injury Abroad Traveling with Children Cruise Ship and Air Travel Special Needs Travel Traveling with Pets Travel Medicine Clinics Yellow Fever Vaccination Clinics References and Resources Travelers' Health Automated Information Line PHONE: 877-FYI-TRIP toll free (Information about ordering the Yellow Book and International Certificates of Vaccination and recorded messages on travel-related health topics) VIA EMAIL: Contact Us Form Home | Policies and Regulations | Disclaimer | e-Government | FOIA | Contact Us Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, U.S.A Tel: (404) 639-3311 / Public Inquiries: (404) 639-3534 / (800) 311-3435