air travel 23 May

WHO | Summary of SARS and air travel All WHO This site only Home About WHO Countries Health topics Publications Research tools WHO sites EPR Home Alert & Response Operations Diseases Global Outbreak Alert & Response Network International Health Regulations Laboratory & Epidemiology Strengthening Preparedness for Deliberate Epidemics Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR) Country activities | Outbreak news | Resources | Media centre WHO WHO sites Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) printable version Summary of SARS and air travel 23 May 2003 This document addresses the main concerns of the public at large with regard to the risk of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) transmission to passengers and/or crew embarking on an international voyage particularly from an area of recent local transmission . A more detailed account of the specific measures the World Health Organization (WHO) is recommending is available in the Weekly Epidemiological Record dated 4 April 2003. WHO has been working closely with international air transport organizations, including ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) and IATA (International Air Transport Association), to provide accurate information in a timely manner to all persons involved in international air travel in order to further reduce the risk of spreading the disease by this means. Risk of SARS transmission in flight The risk of transmission in aircraft is very low. To date, symptomatic probable SARS cases on four flights have been associated with possible transmission onboard. Two of these flights preceded WHO's 15 March 2003 emergency travel advisory, and since 23 March 2003 and the introduction of WHO-recommended screening measures by public health authorities no further cases of SARS in flight have been documented. A key factor in reducing the risk is for passengers and crew to be aware of the main symptoms of SARS which include high fever (38 °C, 100.4 °F), cough, shortness of breath or breathing difficulties. Measure for persons with symptoms compatible with SARS prior to departure WHO has recommended that passengers or crew who develop symptoms compatible with SARS postpone their travel until fully recovered. WHO further recommends that public health authorities ensure that areas with recent local transmission introduce exit screening measures, which may include temperature checks for all passengers and crew. Preventing symptomatic passengers from travelling minimizes what risk there is. Finally, contacts of probable SARS cases should not undertake travel (national or international) for a 10-day period following exposure. In-flight precautions and measures Personal hygiene All passengers and crews should observe good personal hygiene. Wash hands frequently, particularly before eating. If passengers or crew cough or sneeze while onboard, they should cover their mouth and nose, and wash their hands afterwards. Face masks Current evidence indicates that a person infected with SARS is not infectious to others unless s/he has symptoms. Therefore, WHO does not recommend the use of masks by asymptomatic passengers or crew. However, WHO recommends that passengers or crew presenting with symptoms compatible with SARS during a flight from an area with recent local transmission: 1) wear a protective face mask * ; 2) be isolated, as far as possible, from other passengers; and 3) be given access to a toilet cordoned off for their exclusive use. WHO also recommends that the designated crew member(s) caring for a person with symptoms compatible with SARS wear a protective face mask*, gloves and eye protection (e.g. tight-fitting goggles or face shield). Measures on arrival of a flight with a suspected case of SARS The Captain of an aircraft with a person presenting symptoms compatible with SARS onboard should radio the airport of destination so that appropriate arrangements may be made for reception and management by public health authorities. Passenger disembarkation may be delayed upon arrival while the medical officer at the airport of destination examines the patient. Following an assessment by public health authorities, passengers and crew may be required to provide their contact details for the next 14 days. All passengers and crew who are otherwise healthy should be allowed to continue their onward journey. If the ill passenger or crew member is confirmed as a probable case of SARS, public health authorities should notify contacts using the contact details provided. Risk of infection from handling baggage or goods belonging to a SARS case There is no evidence to date to suggest that a person can be infected with SARS from handling baggage or goods, as the major route of transmission is close face-to-face contact with a SARS probable case. Aircraft ventilation The configurations of the air circulation system for commercial aircraft are designed to the specifications of international aviation regulations, as well as guidelines of aircraft manufacturers: Circulation: In flight, fresh air is introduced into the cabin continuously. The entire cabin air volume is exchanged every three minutes. Airflow: The airflow movement is designed to minimize the potential for spreading of bacteria and viruses through the cabin. Filter: Most major airlines install HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filters which are highly efficient in removing dust and airborne contaminants such as droplets, bacteria and large microbes. This means that the spread of all microbes is minimized inside the cabin. Disinfection of aircraft Following a flight with a suspected SARS case, it is recommended that the aircraft be thoroughly cleaned following procedures established by local public health authorities which must involve the strict cleansing and disinfecting of the zone of risk in the cabin area (i.e. seats, headrests, tabletops, handsets, and other materials coming in contact with the suspected case) where the case was seated, as well as all shared facilities. The virus that causes SARS loses infectivity after exposure to commonly used disinfectants. * N/R/P 95/99/100 or FFP 2/3 or an equivalent national manufacturing standard (NIOSH (N,R,P 95,99,100) or European CE EN149:2001(FFP 2,3) and EN143:2000 (P2) or comparable national/regional standards applicable to the country of manufacture. About WHO | -- Employment | Other UN Sites | Search | Suggestions | RSS | Privacy © World Health Organization 2005. 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Travel Guide

CNN.com - Travel International Edition | Member Center: Sign In | Register Home Page World U.S. Weather Business Sports Politics Law Technology Science & Space Health Entertainment Travel Education Special Reports Video Autos CNN Pipeline E-mail Newsletters Your E-mail Alerts Podcasts RSS CNNtoGO Contact Us 2006 hot spots include Colorado, China, Croatia While travel to perennial favorites like Los Angeles, Orlando, New York and Las Vegas is always strong, some unexpected destinations -- from Colorado and Arizona to Croatia and China -- are showing up as hot spots for travel as the 2006 season begins. FULL STORY • 'Disaster tourism' edges into view TRAVEL CHALLENGE Europe for two, under $1,200 TRAVEL SNAPSHOTS Today: Nassau, Bahamas. Send us your snapshots MORE NEWS • TSA: Changes don't affect screening times • Top amusement parks up 4.2 percent • Time brings changes to Myrtle Beach • Watch: Tips for traveling on the cheap • Mushing in Minnesota's frozen wilderness WATCH FREE VIDEO Browse/Search Business News Update (1:33) Plea deal in Enron case (:27) Featured Video More Top Video • Gaza violence and politics • French hostage video (:40) • Hole forces plane to land (1:13) Featured Video More Top Video More Destinations Nicaragua: Peaceful times for tourists • Washington promoting American originals • Alaska: Venturing north of the Arctic Circle • Sparkle in a small Virginia town sponsored by: More Travel News Mexico resorts getting back in the swim • Air marshals to monitor transit systems • Top places to frolic in your birthday suit • New technology can prevent runway overruns More Travel Adviser News Gifts for globe-trotters • CNN/Money: Holiday escape savings • Delve deeper into your destination • Travel insurance helps cover all the bases More Business & Industry News Ski industry optimistic for good season • Delta pilots accept 15 percent pay cut • Airlines go flat out for comfort • Atlanta poised for major tourism push SPECIAL REPORT CNN/Money: Airline turbulence D.C. DINING ON A DIME Eat like a senator for intern prices LOVELYLOWCOUNTRY Backroads guide to picturesque South Carolina region DRIVING DIRECTIONS Create a personal itinerary with listings of nearby lodging, dining and more • Find a map RESOURCES • Find weather forecasts • CNNMoney.com currency converter • CNN Airport Network • CNN Partner Hotels • Airline toll free numbers • US Customs • Passports • Travel warnings and advisories Search for jobs @ Also see International Edition Languages --------- Arabic Japanese Korean Turkish CNN TV CNN International Headline News Transcripts Advertise with Us About Us © 2005 Cable News Network LP, LLLP. A Time Warner Company. All Rights Reserved. Terms under which this service is provided to you. Read our privacy guidelines . Contact us . External sites open in new window; not endorsed by CNN.com Pay service with live and archived video. Learn more Download audio news | Add RSS headlines

South America Travel

worldsurface.com - sustainable tourism for backpackers and independent travellers -- members discussions -- live diaries what's new tours book a flight hostels hotels insurance travel guides shop volunteering worldsurface.com the whole web Footprint Travel Guide - Paraguay South America Mexico & Central America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Cuba Ecuador & Galapagos Mexico Rio de Janeiro Peru Venezuela South American Handbook 2001 Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Chile, Colombia, Galapagos, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, The Guianas The longest running travel guide in the English language is published in its 77th annual edition. Covering the whole of a continent in a travel-proof portable package the adventurous traveller to South America leaves home without it at their peril! 1695 pages crammed with the most up-to-date and accurate travel information for all budgets Introduction to travelling in South America illustrated with colour photography Special feature for the 2001 edition on the Pan American Highway Invaluable 'travellers tips' throughout the book Packed with facts for the adventure traveller eg cyclists, trekkers and climbers 12 pages of invaluable colour maps "It's superlatives all the way - the best book for South American travel around" South American Explorers Club Author: Ben Box Ben has been the editor of the South American Handbook since 1989 and associate editor for many more years. In this role he has travelled to almost every corner of Latin America. He has a doctorate in Spanish and Portuguese Studies and has been writing about contemporary Iberian and Latin American affairs since 1980. ISBN 1 900949 61 X September 2000 1695 pages 77th annual edition 219 maps £21.99 Site Design and Content is © Footprint Handbooks and is reproduced by kind permission. Beach Holidays Biking Trips Conservation Opportunities Diving Vacations Kayaking Trips Volunteering Opportunities Overland Adventures Riding Tours Trekking Vacations Wildlife Holidays 21st Century Backpacking Access to the information on this site is free The information we hold on members is kept to a minimum and we do not pass any information on to third parties See our privacy policy for more information --

Family vacation adventure Fear

--Fun family vacation adventure-- Finding Happiness and Self-actualization Happiness HOME Top 5 ways to find happiness Personal growth articles Daily Happiness free ezine Self-help book on happiness The Get Happy Workbook Happy Class free online Find happiness Definition of happiness Find happiness products Happiness directory Best happiness books Find self-actualization Free ebook: daily inspiration and motivation Selfactualisation? self actualisation? Humor column Guest articles Best self-help books Be happy with The Happy Guy Motivational keynote speaker Happiness coach Rave reviews Contact The Happy Guy Your privacy FAQ The Happy Guy's bio Link to The Happy Guy Be a Happy Guy affiliate Advertise with us! Business directory "Unfortunately, some people believe their schedules are more important than their lives." David Leonhardt, as quoted in The Reader's Digest "This above all, to thine own self be true." William Shakespeare. Sign up for your daily dose of happiness and inspiration. First name Your e-mail address: Click on the smile to subscribe! Personal Growth Articles Index Aging Gracefully An author reflects Angel Gift Story Anger Management Tips Body image issues Child Birth Story Customer service Define Happiness Definition of self-actualization Definitions of happiness Doing good deeds Dr. Phil's Books Dr. Phil McGraw's Life Laws Expectations Extreme fatigue Family vacation adventure Fear of grass Flea market lessons Gratitude journal Happiness Poem Happiness takes patience Happiness tips Hippo rage Holding on to grudges Hotel Stella Home of the year How to Stop Bad Breath I am a Grinch Making changes in life Memory loss Money and happiness Olympic medal happiness Overcoming fear (book review) Penguin leadership Red balloon story Reduce stress for health Self-actualization v.s. personal growth Self-confidence Short friendship poem Stress-relief tips Thanksgiving Day The happy jar Tiger and the three pigs Wildflower poem More articles... Travel & leisure articles Family & parenting articles Humor & satire articles Check out also Articles on nutrition Network monitoring and web site monitoring Coming soon: World Vacations travel directory FREE: Meditation techniques and tips HOT: Free positive thinking book RECOMMENDED: Stress relief tips and techniques List of articles | Article reprint permission details | More related information Squish, climb, splash: a family adventure vacation Learning from our toddler on vacation by David Leonhardt There is never a dull moment when you vacation with a two-year-old . And there are always such wonderfully fun lessons to be learned, too. For instance, we allocated the first day of our family vacation to the zoo. God allocated that same day to watering his plants. OK, so it was not quite rain. I mean, it was hardly worth the embarrassment of losing another fruitless struggle with that rusty old umbrella. But it was more than just a mist. Bit by bit, it overtook me. My sneakers cried out "Squish! Squish! Squish!" as I walked. My wife started calling me "soggybottoms". I was getting downright moldy. Little Lady, on the other hand, was in Seventh Heaven. This was finally her chance to take out her brand new umbrella. Her umbrella was her newest, most favorite toy that her way-too-picky father would not let her play with in the house. But today, she could play with it all day in the rainy mist or misty rain or whatever the big people want to call it. Vacation Adventure Lesson #1: Find the silver lining. And if you can't, get yourself an umbrella. A true adventure vacation: mountain climbing A few days later, we headed to a lookout in a mountain park. Along the paths, we found ourselves trying to dodge speeding cyclists who thought "maximum 15 miles per hour" means "Yee-haw, we've reached warp speed!" Seemingly lost, we stopped to ask directions. The young lad we approached pointed straight up. "It's a half an hour back the way you came, or you can take these stairs," he advised. I doubted whether either my pregnant wife or Little Lady could handle the stairs, but they both wanted to try. (Seventh Heaven might be an umbrella, but a toddler's first six heavens apparently involve climbing anything in sight and a mountain was just as good as anything else, I suppose.) At the top of the first flight, we saw that the next set of stairs was even higher. A lady behind us said, "Try counting them to pass the time. There are 205 steps." Was that meant to be encouraging? Amazingly, Little Lady climbed 180 steps, and my pregnant wife was able to keep up at Little Lady's conveniently slow pace. I had to carry one of them up the remaining 25 steps (no, not my wife!), where I dumped the stroller and picnic basket so we all could catch our breath. Vacation Adventure Lesson #2: It's amazing what you can do when you try, and it's more than amazing what some people will try. Family fun in a toddler's ocean Our vacation was also the first chance for Little Lady to swim. We placed the water wings on her arms and stayed really close. This suited her just fine for almost three minutes. Then she wanted to swim "all alone" (her favorite words). You might have heard that the biggest danger for a new swimmer is sinking. Or hitting your head on the edge of the pool. Or developing cramps from too many French fries just before swimming and drowning in your own cholesterol (or something like that). In fact, the big danger is a big mouth. Little Lady closed her mouth whenever I reminded her. But just 3.2 seconds later, her mouth would be open again, shouting "Lookit me!" and "I did it!" and other eloquent cries muffled by the gurgle of water pouring into a gaping mouth. Vacation Adventure Lesson #3: Sometimes it is worth getting excited about life and shouting it out to the world ... even if people do keep telling you to shut your mouth. Next time you go on vacation, bring a toddler along. I promise you three things: 1. You will get less rest than Santa Claus on December 24. 2. You will always have a fun adventure. 3. You will learn more than you ever wanted to. Get a personal growth humor column like this in your inbox every week. For more personal growth articles check the menu to the left . Permission is granted to republish this article on your website on condition that you include the following byline with all hyperlinks intact: David Leonhardt is author of Climb Your Stairway to Heaven and The Get Happy Workbook . He also runs a Liquid Vitamins Store and a website marketing strategies web site Related information Join Club Mom

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